2021
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8782672
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The Role and Function of Regulatory T Cells in Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes

Abstract: Infection with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) during the pregnant period and its potentially miserable outcomes for the fetus, newborn, and even adult offspring continuously occur worldwide. People acquire infection through the consumption of infected and undercooked meat or contaminated food or water. T. gondii infection in pregnant women primarily during the gestation causes microcephaly, mental and psychomotor retardation, or death. Abnormal pregnancy outcomes are mainly associated with regulatory T cell (Tr… Show more

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Cited by 7 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Although expression levels of iNOS, CD8 and IFN-γ showed no significant difference between infected CXCR3KO mice and infected WT mice, FoxP3 expression was significantly decreased in infected CXCR3KO mice compared with that in infected WT mice ( p < 0.05). Although FoxP3 + Treg cells secrete some inhibitory factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-10 ( Arranz-Solís et al, 2021 ; Gao et al, 2021 ), there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of TGF-β ( Figure 4 ) and expression of IL-10 was not detected.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Although expression levels of iNOS, CD8 and IFN-γ showed no significant difference between infected CXCR3KO mice and infected WT mice, FoxP3 expression was significantly decreased in infected CXCR3KO mice compared with that in infected WT mice ( p < 0.05). Although FoxP3 + Treg cells secrete some inhibitory factors including transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and IL-10 ( Arranz-Solís et al, 2021 ; Gao et al, 2021 ), there was no significant difference in the mRNA expression of TGF-β ( Figure 4 ) and expression of IL-10 was not detected.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…FoxP3 + Treg cells primarily modulate the immune response by secreting inhibitory factors (e.g., TGF-β, IL-10, and amphiregulin) or inhibiting inflammatory cytokines produced by Th1/Th17 cells (e.g., IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23) to protect against their harmful effects ( Ito et al, 2019 ; Gao et al, 2021 ). In the current study, a significant reduction in FoxP3 expression levels was detected in the brain tissues of infected CXCR3KO mice at 30 dpi.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…CD4 + T cells are critical for resistance to T. gondii infection, and toxoplasmosis often leads to alterations in the number and function of CD4 + T cells ( Dupont et al., 2012 ). Studies have demonstrated that T. gondii infection inhibits Tregs proliferation, resulting in a decrease in Tregs levels ( Gao et al., 2021 ). However, T. gondii triggers a strong Th1 cell response to defend against pathogen infection ( Sana et al., 2022 ), while Th2 cells can suppress the Th1 cell response, so the Th1/Th2 balance plays a vital role during T. gondii infection ( Xu et al., 2021a ).…”
Section: Inflammation and Mood Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Tregs, accounting for approximately 5%-10% of the total CD4 + T cells ( Gao et al., 2021 ), are crucial to maintain self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Tregs are known as suppressor T cells, which can regulate the functions of other immune cells like DC, macrophages, CD4 + T cells, and B cells ( Hong et al., 2013 ; Mohr et al., 2018 ).…”
Section: Tregs and Mood Disordersmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Maternal–fetal immune tolerance is crucial for a successful pregnancy, as it prevents rejection of the allogeneic fetus by the maternal immune system [ 1 ]. Early infection with T. gondii can induce adverse pregnancy outcome, which is primarily due to the disruption of maternal–fetal immune tolerance rather than the direct invasion of T. gondii [ 2 ]. Regulatory T (Treg) cells, a unique subset of CD4 + T cells, are centrally implicated in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance [ 3 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%