The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer

Wu, Hao; Fu, Mengdi; Liu, Jin; Chong, Wei; Fang, Zhen; Du, Fengying; Yang, Liu; Shang, Liang; Li, Leping

doi:10.1186/s12943-021-01365-z

Cited by 69 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 191 publications

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“…Caspase 9 is an important protein essential to intrinsic apoptosis pathway function [ 61 ]. Data presented by our study suggests that EVs released from HAdV3-infected A549 cells bear stress and apoptotic markers which were evident in the cell viability and morphology after infection and that HAdV3-induced death in A549 cells could be chiefly through an intrinsic apoptosis program rather than extrinsic [ 60 – 62 ]. We assessed another important EV surface molecule that is commonly found on certain cell types but is crucial for distinguishing EVs' parent cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Lung Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Ipinmoroti

Crenshaw

Pandit

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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Adenovirus (Ad) is a major causal agent of acute respiratory infections. However, they are a powerful delivery system for gene therapy and vaccines. Some Ad serotypes antagonize the immune system leading to meningitis, conjunctivitis, gastroenteritis, and/or acute hemorrhagic cystitis. Studies have shown that the release of small, membrane-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may offer a mechanism by which viruses can enter cells via receptor-independent entry and how they influence disease pathogenesis and/or host protection considering their existence in almost all bodily fluids. We proposed that Ad3 could alter EV biogenesis, composition, and trafficking and may stimulate various immune responses in vitro. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of in vitro infection with Ad3 vector on EV biogenesis and composition in the human adenocarcinoma lung epithelial cell line A549. Cells were infected in an exosome-free media at different multiplicity of infections (MOIs) and time points. The cell viability was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and fluorometric calcein-AM. EVs were isolated via ultracentrifugation. Isolated EV proteins were quantified and evaluated via nanoparticle tracking, transmission electron microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and immunoblotting assays. The cell viability significantly decreased with an increase in MOI and incubation time. A significant increase in particle mean sizes, concentrations, and total EV protein content was detected at higher MOIs when compared to uninfected cells (control group). A549 cell-derived EVs revealed the presence of TSG101, tetraspanins CD9 and CD63, and heat shock proteins 70 and 100 with significantly elevated levels of Rab5, 7, and 35 at higher MOIs (300, 750, and 1500) when compared to the controls. Our findings suggested Ad3 could modulate EV biogenesis, composition, and trafficking which could impact infection pathogenesis and disease progression. This study might suggest EVs could be diagnostic and therapeutic advancement to Ad infections and other related viral infections. However, further investigation is warranted to explore the underlying mechanism(s).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Lung Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Ipinmoroti

Crenshaw

Pandit

et al. 2021

Journal of Immunology Research

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“…Xu et al demonstrated that DCA-activated macrophages could secrete exosomes to carry miR-30a-5 to gastric epithelial cells, thereby promoting gastric IM by targeting FOXD1 [ 51 ]. It was found that IM might arise from spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia (SPEM) [ 52 ]. DCA could promote SPEM by macrophage-derived exosomes [ 53 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Gastric Im Induced By Bile Acidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review

Liu

Wei

et al. 2022

Cell Death Discov.

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Gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that increases the risk of subsequent gastric cancer (GC) development. Therefore, the mechanism of IM has been the focus of basic and clinical research. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been recognized as the main pathogenesis of gastric IM. However, more and more studies have shown that chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa caused by bile reflux is the key pathogenic factor of gastric IM. Bile reflux activates the expression of IM biomarkers via the bile acid receptor. In addition, microRNAs, exosomes, and epigenetics are also involved in the occurrence and development of bile acid-induced gastric IM. Currently, the relevant research is still very few. The molecular mechanism of the phenotypic transformation of gastrointestinal epithelial cells induced by bile acids has not been fully understood. This article mainly reviews the physiology and pathology of bile acid, mechanism of gastric IM induced by bile acid, bile acid receptors, and so on, in order to provide reference for further research.

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“…The varying sizes, content, function, and cellular origin of exosomes contributes to their heterogeneity [13]. Although our understanding of exosome biogenesis, release, uptake, and function are not completely clear [23][24][25][26], exosome-focused research remains topical and extensive, which can be ascribed to the potential capability of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of various diseases, including neurodegeneration [27], metabolic disorders [28], cardiovascular dysfunction [29], and cancer [30]. Furthermore, exosomes have been widely used in targeted drug delivery through surface engineering techniques, which provides effective strategies for diagnosis and treatment, especially in cancer [31].…”

Section: The Biogenesis Of Exosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Advances, development and potential therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy

Chen¹,

Zhang²,

Li³

et al. 2021

Metabolism

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Exosomes, a major type of extracellular vesicles (EVs), are nanoscale vesicles excreted by almost all cell types via invagination of the endosomal membrane pathway. Exosomes play a crucial role in the mediation of intercellular communication both in health and disease, which can be ascribed to their capacity to be transported to neighboring or distant cells, thus regulating the biological function of recipient cells through cargos such as DNA, mRNA, proteins and microRNA. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication associated with diabetes mellitus as well as a significant cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, which has resulted in a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. However, despite extensive efforts, therapeutic approaches that prevent the progression of DN do not exist, which implies new approaches are required. An increasing number of studies suggest that exosomes are involved in the pathophysiological processes associated with DN, which may potentially provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for DN. Hence, this review summarizes recent advances involving exosome mechanisms in DN and their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

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The role and application of small extracellular vesicles in gastric cancer

Cited by 69 publications

References 191 publications

Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Lung Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Human Adenovirus Serotype 3 Infection Modulates the Biogenesis and Composition of Lung Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles

Roles and action mechanisms of bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia: a review

Exosomes: Advances, development and potential therapeutic strategies in diabetic nephropathy

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