The rock stress memory unrecoverable by the Kaiser effect method

Hsieh, Ariel; Dight, Phil; Dyskin, Arcady

doi:10.1016/j.ijrmms.2015.01.006

Cited by 26 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There were no apparent AE events in different cycles at the same level, and numerous events occurred only when the load in first cycle was greater than the maximum load of the previous level (A and B in Figure 6(b)). The Kaiser effect was clear 33 for sandstones under tiered cyclic loading and unloading and appeared in every cycle. Stress continued to increase after the end of the cyclic loading and unloading, and the number of AE events increased sharply when the rock approached its peak stress value.…”

Section: Evolution Of Acoustic-emission Eventsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Damage and fractal evolution trends of sandstones under constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading based on acoustic emission

Liang

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2019

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

It is of significance to study the damage and destruction of rock under cyclic loading in geotechnical engineering. We determined the trends in damage evolution of sandstone under constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading under uniaxial compression. The results of the study show that (1) the variation of acoustic-emission events was consistent with the stress curves and 89% of all acoustic-emission events occurred during the cycling stages. The observed Kaiser effect was more notable in tiered cycling. (2) The damage variable increased sharply in the cycling stages and its increment was 0.07 higher for tiered cycling than constant-amplitude cycling. Sandstone exhibited greater damage under tiered cyclic loading and unloading. (3) Equations for the evolution of the damage variable under the two cycle modes were obtained by fitting of experimental data. (4) The fractal dimensions of the constant-amplitude cycle were larger than those of the tiered cycle. The process of damage and destruction presents a trend of reducing fractal dimension. The damage accumulation of sandstone under tiered cycling was faster than under constant-amplitude cycling. These results provide references for damage and early warning of rock under both constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading.

show abstract

Section: Evolution Of Acoustic-emission Eventsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Damage and fractal evolution trends of sandstones under constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading based on acoustic emission

Liang

Zhang

Xie

et al. 2019

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The above results suggest that TMM could be used as an oriented core method in the future. However, as stated by Lavrov (2003), Ljunggren et al (2003), andHsieh et al (2015), there are several factors that can affect the results of stress measurements by oriented core methods. It was necessary to investigate the effects prior to any practical use of TMM or any other oriented core method.…”

Section: Influences Of Various Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tangent modulus method – An original method to measure in-situ rock stress

Fujii

Makasi

Kodama

et al. 2018

Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper proposed Tangent Modulus Method (TMM) which is an improved oriented core method to determine in-situ rock stresses. In this approach, the cylindrical specimens prepared along different directions from thick core samples were uniaxially compressed twice to a given stress level. The stress value of the bending point in the first loading cycle of the stress-tangent modulus curve is considered as the normal component of the in-situ rock stress along the drilled direction of the specimen. Four types of rocks from soft porous tuff and sandstone to hard crystalline granite was investigated to evaluate the potential of this method. The effects of changes in strain rate, temperature, water content, confining and pore pressure, and stresses larger than the preload on the stress value of the bending point were experimentally investigated on preload specimens to investigate their influence on TMM.Comparison of the stress measurement results by TMM and an overcoring method at AK tunnel in Hokkaido,Japan was also performed to validate the TMM.

show abstract

“…When the dilatation of the rock occurs due to the applied stress, the Kaiser effect disappears. Usually the dilatancy stress (crack initiation stress) does not exceed 70-80% of the uniaxial compressive strength (σ c ) [23][24][25][26]. When the first loading stress level is less than 30% of σ c in the compaction stage of stress-strain curve of the rock, the Kaiser effect can be easily misjudged due to the acoustic emission generated from closure of original fissures and sliding friction between particles in the rock.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The influence of short delay duration on Kaiser effect is small. As time passes (long delay time), the Kaiser effect of some rocks will disappear gradually [23][24][25][26][27]. (3) The loading rate and lithology can affect the evolution of Felicity rate and occurrence of the Kaiser effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Kaiser Effect of Rock under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions: Insights from Acoustic Emission Monitoring

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Kaiser effect reflects the memory of the loaded rock to the irreversible damage and deformation. The stress level, loading rate and lithology are the main factors affecting the Kaiser effect of the rock. To identify the accurate stress point of the Kaiser effect, the MTS 816 rock mechanics testing system and the DS5-A acoustic emission testing and analysis system were adopted. The uniaxial cyclic loading–unloading and acoustic emission characteristic test of 90 rock specimens from three types of rocks under different stress level and loading rate was carried out. The evolution of acoustic emission under uniaxial compression of the rock corresponds to the compaction stage, elastic stage, yield stage and post-peak stress drop stage of the rock deformation and failure process and is divided into the quiet period, transition period, active period and decay period of the acoustic emission. The larger the hardness of rock is, the earlier the stress point of the Kaiser effect appears. The loading stress level (σA) has appreciable influence on the Kaiser effect of the rock. When σA ≥ 0.7σc, the Kaiser effect disappears. Usually, the dilatancy stress (crack initiation stress) does not exceed 70% of the uniaxial compressive strength (σc) of the rock, and the stress point can be the threshold to determine whether the Kaiser effect occurs. The influence of loading rate (lr) on Felicity rate (FR) is relatively large when lr < 0.01 mm/s, and FR rapidly grows with increase of the loading rate. When lr ≥ 0.01 mm/s, the influence of the loading rate on FR is relatively small. The findings facilitate the future application of the Kaiser effect and improvement of the accuracy of the acoustic emission data interpretation.

show abstract

The rock stress memory unrecoverable by the Kaiser effect method

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Damage and fractal evolution trends of sandstones under constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading based on acoustic emission

Damage and fractal evolution trends of sandstones under constant-amplitude and tiered cyclic loading and unloading based on acoustic emission

Tangent modulus method – An original method to measure in-situ rock stress

On the Kaiser Effect of Rock under Cyclic Loading and Unloading Conditions: Insights from Acoustic Emission Monitoring

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About