“…In light of this changing retailing landscape, we pose two important research questions: First, how does the effort of referent consumers influence the price judgments of buyers, particularly under conditions of disadvantaged price inequality? While the broader consumer behavior literature has demonstrated the impact of one's own effort on a variety of consumer response domains including satisfaction (Lastner, Folse, Mangus, & Fennell, ; Mohr & Bitner, ; Roggeveen, Tsiros, & Grewal, ), promotional participation (Folse, Niedrich, & Grau, ), emotional responses (McColl‐Kennedy & Sparks, ), willingness to pay (Morales, ), and price fairness (Xia et al, ), no research that the authors are aware of has examined the influence of the effort of other consumers in the marketplace on perceptions of price fairness. Regardless of operationalizing effort in terms of the number of stores searched (Mowen & Grove, ), purchase volume (Folse et al, ) or transaction history (Reczek, Haws, & Summers, ), the focus of previous research has been on the efforts expended by the consumer, firsthand.…”