The RNA Virome and Its Dynamics in an Invasive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Imply Interactions Between Host and Viruses

Zhang, Wei; Qiao-ying, GU; Niu, Jinzhi; Wang, Jinjun

doi:10.1007/s00248-020-01506-9

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The corresponding vsiRNA reads for SVD1 totaled 38,672 (11,053 unique), accounting for 0.14% (1.07% unique) of the library. Most of these vsiRNAs were 21 nt long (69.5% and 70.1% of the totals for NVD1 and SDV1, respectively) and they were equally derived from the sense and antisense strands of the viral genomic RNA (Figure 2A,D), which are similar to the recent report [10]. The vsiRNAs were derived from the entire genome of both viruses including the untranslated regions, but there were notable asymmetric hotspots on both strands, suggesting that these regions might be preferential targets of the host immune system (Figure 2B,E).…”

Section: Nvd1 and Svd1supporting

confidence: 88%

“…A previous study has suggested that the Ochlerotatus caspius negevirus (OCNV) can replicate in C6/36 cells (established from macerates of Aedes albopictus larvae) through the use of a double strand RNA (dsRNA) intermediate, which can be formed as early as 3 h after infection [ 9 ]. More recent small RNA analysis indicated that these dsRNA intermediates of nege-like viruses might trigger the small interfering RNA (siRNA) mediated antiviral pathway in the host insect [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Discovery of Two Novel Negeviruses in a Dungfly Collected from the Arctic

et al. 2020

Viruses

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Negeviruses are a proposed group of insect-specific viruses that can be separated into two distinct phylogenetic clades, Nelorpivirus and Sandewavirus. Negeviruses are well-known for their wide geographic distribution and broad host range among hematophagous insects. In this study, the full genomes of two novel negeviruses from each of these clades were identified by RNA extraction and sequencing from a single dungfly (Scathophaga furcata) collected from the Arctic Yellow River Station, where these genomes are the first negeviruses from cold zone regions to be discovered. Nelorpivirus dungfly1 (NVD1) and Sandewavirus dungfly1 (SVD1) have the typical negevirus genome organization and there was a very high coverage of viral transcripts. Small interfering RNAs derived from both viruses were readily detected in S. furcata, clearly showing that negeviruses are targeted by the host antiviral RNA interference (RNAi) pathway. These results and subsequent in silico analysis (studies) of public database and published virome data showed that the hosts of nege-like viruses include insects belonging to many orders as well as various non-insects in addition to the hematophagous insects previously reported. Phylogenetic analysis reveals at least three further groups of negeviruses, as well as several poorly resolved solitary branches, filling in the gaps within the two sub-groups of negeviruses and plant-associated viruses in the Kitaviridae. The results of this study will contribute to a better understanding of the geographic distribution, host range, evolution and host antiviral immune responses of negeviruses.

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Section: Nvd1 and Svd1supporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of Two Novel Negeviruses in a Dungfly Collected from the Arctic

et al. 2020

Viruses

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“…Allen et al (1934) described consistent associations between Phytomonas ( Pseudomonas ) melophthora and the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella (Walsh), discussing the possibility that the female was contaminating the fruit with the bacteria while ovipositing, a broad topic retaken by Mazzini and Vita (1981) , Stoffolano and Yin (1987) , Raghu et al (2002) and Behar et al (2008) . By far the best studied genus is Bactrocera in which, bacteria ( Fitt and O’Brien, 1985 ; Capuzzo et al, 2005 ; Estes et al, 2009 , 2014 ; Ben-Yosef et al, 2015 ; Yong et al, 2017 ; Heys et al, 2018 ; Liu et al, 2018 ; Akami et al, 2019 ), yeasts ( Deutscher et al, 2017 ; Piper et al, 2017 ), fungi ( Malacrinò et al, 2017 ; Yao et al, 2019 ), and viruses ( Zhang et al, 2020 ), have been studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

et al. 2021

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We studied the microbiota of a highly polyphagous insect, Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae), developing in six of its hosts, including two ancestral (Casimiroa edulis and C. greggii), three exotic (Mangifera indica cv. Ataulfo, Prunus persica cv. Criollo, and Citrus x aurantium) and one occasional host (Capsicum pubescens cv. Manzano), that is only used when extreme drought conditions limit fruiting by the common hosts. One of the exotic hosts (“criollo” peach) is rife with polyphenols and the occasional host with capsaicinoids exerting high fitness costs on the larvae. We pursued the following questions: (1) How is the microbial composition of the larval food related to the composition of the larval and adult microbiota, and what does this tell us about transience and stability of this species’ gut microbiota? (2) How does metamorphosis affect the adult microbiota? We surveyed the microbiota of the pulp of each host fruit, as well as the gut microbiota of larvae and adult flies and found that the gut of A. ludens larvae lacks a stable microbiota, since it was invariably associated with the composition of the pulp microbiota of the host plant species studied and was also different from the microbiota of adult flies indicating that metamorphosis filters out much of the microbiota present in larvae. The microbiota of adult males and females was similar between them, independent of host plant and was dominated by bacteria within the Enterobacteriaceae. We found that in the case of the “toxic” occasional host C. pubescens the microbiota is enriched in potentially deleterious genera that were much less abundant in the other hosts. In contrast, the pulp of the ancestral host C. edulis is enriched in several bacterial groups that can be beneficial for larval development. We also report for the first time the presence of bacteria within the Arcobacteraceae family in the gut microbiota of A. ludens stemming from C. edulis. Based on our findings, we conclude that changes in the food-associated microbiota dictate major changes in the larval microbiota, suggesting that most larval gut microbiota is originated from the food.

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“…Additionally, insects deal with various viruses. Studies in oriental fruit flies showed that multiple infections of various virus species were detected and RNAi was comprehensively involved in processing the viral dsRNA, thereby producing massive amounts of viral-derived siRNA [ 41 ]. Further studies are required to better understand the detailed role of RNAi as a defence system against these newly reported viruses and how these viruses counter the RNAi mechanism.…”

Section: The Role Of Rnai In Insect Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

RNAi in Insects: A Revolution in Fundamental Research and Pest Control Applications

Christiaens

Niu

Taning

2020

Insects

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In this editorial for the Special Issue on ‘RNAi in insect pest control’, three important applications of RNA interference (RNAi) in insects are briefly discussed and linked to the different studies published in this Special Issue. The discovery of the RNAi mechanism revolutionized entomological research, as it presented researchers with a tool to knock down genes, which is easily applicable in a wide range of insect species. Furthermore, RNAi also provides crop protection with a novel and promising pest control mode-of-action. The sequence-dependent nature allows RNAi-based control strategies to be highly species selective and the active molecule, a natural biological molecule known as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), has a short environmental persistence. However, more research is needed to investigate different cellular and physiological barriers, such as cellular uptake and dsRNA degradation in the digestive system in insects, in order to provide efficient control methods against a wide range of insect pest species. Finally, the RNAi pathway is an important part of the innate antiviral immune defence of insects, and could even lead to applications targeting viruses in beneficial insects such as honeybees in the future.

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The RNA Virome and Its Dynamics in an Invasive Fruit Fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, Imply Interactions Between Host and Viruses

Cited by 21 publications

References 38 publications

Discovery of Two Novel Negeviruses in a Dungfly Collected from the Arctic

Discovery of Two Novel Negeviruses in a Dungfly Collected from the Arctic

Metagenomic Survey of the Highly Polyphagous Anastrepha ludens Developing in Ancestral and Exotic Hosts Reveals the Lack of a Stable Microbiota in Larvae and the Strong Influence of Metamorphosis on Adult Gut Microbiota

RNAi in Insects: A Revolution in Fundamental Research and Pest Control Applications

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