In recent years, the lunar explorer programs, suspended for a long time, have resumed again with the rapid development of low-cost, high-level technologies, and hence several nations have made a success of lunar exploration programs with their own developed orbiters. Late in 2007, the Science Ministry of the Republic of Korea announced that Korea planned to send its first orbiter to the moon by the year 2020. The major objective of the present study is to set up a fundamental baseline on which to design an optimal type of onboard propulsion system. To do this, the mission requirements of the Korean lunar orbiter are summarized at first. Next, the mission requirements of various orbiters are surveyed and also an overview of their key design specifications is investigated. Based on the results of this trade study, the conceptual design of the onboard propulsion system of the Korean lunar orbiter is finally discussed with its major key design requirements of the expected propellant quantity, the minimum thrust level for lunar orbit insertion, and the specific characteristics of the necessary components along a whole system schematic diagram.Nomenclature g = gravity acceleration, m=s 2 I sp = specific impulse, sec M fuel = fuel mass, kg M wet = wet mass of the orbiter, kg V = delta-V, m=s