The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R): A Scale to Assist the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Adults: An International Validation Study

Abstract

The Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) is a valid and reliable instrument to assist the diagnosis of adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). The 80-question scale was administered to 779 subjects (201 ASD and 578 comparisons). All ASD subjects met inclusion criteria: DSM-IV-TR, ADI/ADOS diagnoses and standardized IQ testing. Mean scores for each of the questions and total mean ASD vs. the comparison groups’ scores were significantly different (p < .0001). Concurrent validity with Constantino Social Responsiveness Scale-Adult = 95.59%. Sensitivity = 97%, specificity = 100%, test–retest reliability r = .987. Cronbach alpha coefficients for the subscales and 4 derived factors were good. We conclude that the RAADS-R is a useful adjunct diagnostic tool for adults with ASD.

Multimodal neuroimaging based classification of autism spectrum disorder using anatomical, neurochemical, and white matter correlates

“…The groups were matched on age and IQ. Full-scale IQ (FSIQ), verbal IQ (VIQ), and performance IQ (PIQ) were assessed using the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) (Wechsler, 1999), handedness using the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, 1971), and ASD symptoms using the Ritvo Autism Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) (Ritvo et al, 2011). Age, FSIQ, VIQ, and PIQ were not significantly different between groups.…”

White Matter Diffusion of Major Fiber Tracts Implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder

“…Parents of children completed the autism-spectrum quotient child (AQ) about their child as a measure of symptom severity (Auyeung et al, 2008). Adult participants completed the Ritvo Autism-Asperger Diagnostic Scale-Revised (RAADS-R) to measure ASD symptoms (Ritvo et al, 2011). The RAADS-R has been found to be accurate in discriminating between individuals with ASD and those without 692 LIBERO ET AL.…”

Automatic facial responses to briefly presented emotional stimuli in autism spectrum disorder

“…These clinicians (e.g., clinical psychologists, neuropsychologists, psychiatrists) administered standardised clinical interviews such as the ADI-R (Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised; Lord, Rutter, & Le Couteur, 1994) and ADOS-G (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-Generic; Lord, Rutter, DiLavore, & Risi, 1999), however, the information from these reports was not typically made available to the researchers. As such, the Autism Quotient (AQ; ≥32; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001) and Ritvo Autism Asperger's Diagnostic Scale (RAADS; ≥77; Ritvo et al, 2008) were used to support diagnosis. The AQ has been shown to produce good test-retest reliability (r = .70) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's ˛ = .63-.77; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, et al, 2001).…”

“…The AQ has been shown to produce good test-retest reliability (r = .70) and good internal consistency (Cronbach's ˛ = .63-.77; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, et al, 2001). The RAADS has been shown to produce reliable clinical discrimination (97-100% sensitivity, 100% specificity), high test-retest reliability (r = .99), and good internal consistency (Cronbach's ˛ = .65-.92; Ritvo et al, 2011Ritvo et al, , 2008. Exclusion criteria were a self-reported personal history of physical brain injury, neurological or developmental disorder (other than an ASD in the clinical group), psychiatric illness, or any other serious medical condition.…”