The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in HIV-infected patients: new data and meta-analysis

Zhao, Hang; Shu, Guobin; Wang, Songting

doi:10.1177/0956462415586316

Cited by 41 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 28 publications

(58 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…36 As above, immunosuppression is the other major risk factor for SCC. Besides organ transplant recipients, 37 those diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, 38 non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia 39,40 appear to have increased rates of SCC. Incidence of SCC is 65-250 times higher among organ transplant recipients compared with the general public.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological review

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common cancer in white populations and its disease burden is often substantially underestimated. SCC occurs more often in men than women and increases dramatically with age; those affected often develop multiple primaries over time, which increases the burden. The main external cause is solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), with immunosuppression being the other established risk factor, shown by the high SCC rates in organ transplant recipients. Sunbed use and certain genetic disorders and medical conditions are also associated with SCC, while associations with human papillomavirus infection and high bodyweight are not established. The presence of actinic keratoses (AKs) on sun-damaged skin is one of the strongest predictors of SCC in unaffected people and a very small proportion of AKs are SCC precursors, although the true rate of malignant transformation of AKs is unknown. The mainstay of SCC prevention is protection of the skin from undue sun exposure by use of clothing cover and sunscreen during summer or in sunny places. Educational, behavioural and multicomponent interventions directed at individuals ranging from parents of newborns, to school children and adolescents, to outdoor workers, have repeatedly been shown to be effective in improving sun-protective behaviours. Health policies can facilitate SCC prevention by setting standards for relevant behaviours to reduce UVR exposure, for example, by legislated restriction of the tanning industry. Skin cancer prevention initiatives are generally highly cost-effective and public investment should be encouraged to control the growing public health problems caused by SCC.

show abstract

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological review

2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Other noniatrogenically immunosuppressed individuals, including those with HIV/AIDS or with hematologic malignancies such as CLL, are also at significantly increased keratinocyte carcinoma risk (39)(40)(41). In HIV, this risk is associated with long-term survival although highly active antiretroviral therapy may be protective (42). cSCC in association with CLL has poorer outcomes with increased recurrence and metastasis (41,43).…”

Section: Immunosuppressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Current Concepts and Future Research Priorities

Nagarajan

Asgari

Green

et al. 2019

Clinical Cancer Research

103

123

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are keratinocyte carcinomas, the most frequently diagnosed cancers in fair-skinned populations. Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the main driving carcinogen for these tumors, but immunosuppression, pigmentary factors, and aging are also risk factors. Scientific discoveries have improved the understanding of the role of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in cSCC as well as the skin microbiome and a compromised immune system in the development of both cSCC and BCC. Genomic analyses have uncovered genetic risk variants, high-risk susceptibility genes, and somatic events that underlie common pathways important in keratinocyte carcinoma tumorigenesis and tumor characteristics that have enabled development of prediction models for early identification of high-risk individuals. Advances in chemoprevention in high-risk individuals and progress in targeted and immune-based treatment approaches have the potential to decrease the morbidity and mortality associated with these tumors. As the incidence and prevalence of keratinocyte carcinoma continue to increase, strategies for prevention, including effective sun-protective behavior, educational interventions, and reduction of tanning bed access and usage, are essential. Gaps in our knowledge requiring additional research to reduce the high morbidity and costs associated with keratinocyte carcinoma include better understanding of factors leading to more aggressive tumors, the roles of microbiome and HPV infection, prediction of response to therapies including immune checkpoint blockade, and how to tailor both prevention and treatment to individual risk factors and needs.

show abstract

“…80,81 Common basal and squamous cell skin cancers, as well as rare adnexal and skin appendage neoplasms, are increased nearly 3-fold, but few of these cancers are lethal. 82,83 Particular attention should be paid to PLWH with fair complexion or history of excessive sun exposure, as these characteristics may be common in some AIDS-risk groups and are major risk factors for melanoma and other skin cancers. Suspicious skin lesions, especially those fitting the ABCDE mnemonic for suspicion of melanoma (Asymmetrical, Border irregular, Color irregular, Diameter >6mm, Enlarging) should be excised, yielding diagnosis and potential cure.…”

Section: Site-specific Screening Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for Cancer in Persons Living with HIV Infection

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Survival with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has greatly improved due to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). As infectious complications have declined, malignancy now accounts for over one-third of deaths among people living with HIV (PLWH). Based on practices in the general population, cancer screening of PLWH can decrease both morbidity and mortality. In this article, we review and consider directed approaches for colorectal, breast, cervical and lung cancer screening. Furthermore, routine physical examinations may detect lymphomas and skin, anal and oral cancers. Comprehensive cancer prevention in PLWH should also include ART adherence, vaccination against oncogenic viruses, treatment of hepatitis viruses and smoking cessation. Cancer screening for PLWH warrants further research on safety and efficacy as well as targeted efforts to increase adherence.

show abstract

The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in HIV-infected patients: new data and meta-analysis

Cited by 41 publications

References 28 publications

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological review

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an epidemiological review

Keratinocyte Carcinomas: Current Concepts and Future Research Priorities

Screening for Cancer in Persons Living with HIV Infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About