The risk of developing second primary malignancies among colorectal cancer patients

Abstract

Background: The increasing number of young colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors has led to ongoing concerns about the risk of secondary primary malignancies (SPMs). Here, we intended to comprehensively explore the pooled standardized incidence rates (SIRs) for total and site-specific SPMs in CRC survivors with different restriction to lag period. Methods: Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of science databases were searched to identify any studies reporting the SIRs of SPM following CRC until August 2021. Total and site-specific SIRs with different restriction to lag period were pooled using fixed/random effect models. Results: A total of 42 full-text publications with more than 1, 524, 236 CRC survivors and 166, 210 SPM patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled data showed an increased SIRs for all SPMs in CRC survivors with different restriction to lag period (no restriction to lag period, SIR = 1.15, 95% CI = [1.08–1.23]; 1-year lag, 1.16 [1.10–1.23]; 5-year lag, 1.18 [1.09–1.28]; 10-year lag, 1.24 [1.11–1.39]). The conclusions were consistent for neoplasms of colorectum, corpus uteri, and small intestine with different restriction to lag period. However, limited evidence was presented for associations between CRC survivors and SPM for prostate, breast (female), ovarian, stomach, urinary bladder, kidney, thyroid, bone and soft tissue. Conclusion: CRC survivors are associated with an increased risk of SPMs, especially neoplasms of colorectum, corpus uteri, and small intestine. Further studies should explore the risks for these neoplasms in CRC survivors, thus providing the reference for future follow-up care.

Risk prediction of second primary malignancies in patients after rectal cancer: analysis based on SEER Program

“…In reviewing the literature, Du et al [ 22 ] reported that the three most prevalent sites of SPMs were neoplasms of colorectum (SIR 1.59, 95%CI 1.38–1.83), corpus uteri (SIR 2.11, 95%CI 1.62–2.76), and small intestine (SIR 4.00, 95%CI 2.91–5.49) in recently mete-analysis. Xu et al [ 23 ] showed that Patients with RC were more likely to develop malignant tumors in the thyroid, uterine body, colon, rectum, lung/ bronchus.…”

Dietary intervention for adult survivors of cancers other than breast cancer: A systematic review

“…[3] Therefore, there is an increase in the number of cancer survivors. However, it should be noted that cancer survivors not only have a higher risk of secondary cancer [3][4][5][6] but also a higher incidence of comorbidities such as heart attack, stroke, or obesity [7,8] compared with the general population.…”

Post‐diagnosis dietary factors, supplement use and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta‐analysis

“…14 Colorectal cancer survivors are at risk of recurrence, metastasis 15,16 or second primary cancers. 17,18 Colorectal cancer will continue posing an enormous global health burden and financial challenge across health systems. 4,5 Prevention strategies through lifestyle modifications may improve cancer survivorship.…”

“…Extended survival, however, co‐exists with increased co‐morbidities, 13 including cardiovascular disease, the most common cause of non‐cancer deaths 14 . Colorectal cancer survivors are at risk of recurrence, metastasis 15,16 or second primary cancers 17,18 . Colorectal cancer will continue posing an enormous global health burden and financial challenge across health systems 4,5 …”