The risk of competitive exclusion during evolutionary branching: Effects of resource variability, correlation and autocorrelation

Johansson, Jacob; Ripa, Jörgen; Kuckländer, Nina

doi:10.1016/j.tpb.2009.10.007

Cited by 16 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(46 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the effect of demographic fluctuations, environmental fluctuations have shown contradictory results [12,26,27]. In agreement with our result, a lottery model of a fluctuating fitness optimum showed that fluctuations can facilitate branching [27].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

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Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Fuentes

Ferrada

2017

Front. Phys.

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An essential aspect of the current theory of adaptive speciation is the maintenance of phenotypic variation and the evolution of stationary stable phenotypic diversity, a phenomenon known as evolutionary branching. Theoretical and empirical evidence suggest that phenotypic variation can be maintained by favoring rare phenotypes, for example, through frequency-dependent selection. However, even when phenotypic variation is provided, the conditions leading to evolutionary branching are not universal. In order to lead to stable diversification, current models of adaptive speciation, such as the Lotka-Volterra competition model, must resort to strong assumptions that range from using unrealistic shape parameters for the competition and carrying capacity functions, modeling separately the generation of discontinuities in niche space, to increasing the dimensionality of phenotypic traits. Here, we introduce a stochastic version of the Lotka-Volterra competition model. We demonstrate that environmental fluctuations suffice to lead consistently to phenotypic diversification and evolutionary branching. Our observations build upon previous findings identifying a role for stochastic fluctuations on the evolution of phenotypic diversity, emphasize the difference between strong vs. weak assumptions in the stability of the LVC model, and suggest that the conditions for evolutionary branching are more relaxed than anticipated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…It is wellknown that strong competition can result on demographic (i.e., population size) fluctuations [25], which can lead to the extinction of newly evolved phenotypes. Consistent with this intuition, demographic noise can delay evolutionary branching, by driving a population to cycles of diversification and extinction [19,26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Fuentes

Ferrada

2017

Front. Phys.

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“…Therefore, we should caution against the uncritical use of mutual invasibility as a sufficient condition for coexistence, a point that was already made by Proulx and Day (2001). Johansson and Ripa (2006), Johansson et al (2010) studied evolutionary consequences of finiteness, while Mágori et al (2005), Habets et al (2007) dealt with the coexistence-restricting effect of local demographic stochasticity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

Szilágyi

Meszéna

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The minimal model of the "relative nonlinearity" type fluctuation-maintained coexistence is investigated. The competing populations are affected by an environmental white noise. With quadratic density dependence, the long-term growth rates of the populations are determined by the average and the variance of the (fluctuating) total density. At most two species can coexist on these two "regulating" variables; competitive exclusion would ensue in a constant environment. A numerical study of the expected time until extinction of any of the two species reveals that the criterion of mutual invasibility predicts the parameter-range of long-term coexistence correctly in the limit of zero extinction threshold. However, any extinction threshold consistent with a realistic population size will allow only short-term coexistence. Therefore, our simulations question the biological relevance of mutual invasibility, as a sufficient condition of coexistence, for large density fluctuations. We calculate the average and the variance of the fluctuating density of the coexisting populations analytically via the moment-closure approximation; the results are reasonably close to the simulated behavior. Based on this treatment, robustness of coexistence is studied in the limit of infinite population size. We interpret the results of this analysis in the context of necessity of niche segregation with respect to the regulating variables using a framework theory published earlier.

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“…(3) is general but leaves little room for biological interpretations. An alternative, equivalent, method of finding the stationary variance and covariance of interacting species in correlated and autocorrelated environments was used by Ripa and Ives (2003) and later by Johansson et al (2010). The method is based on a coordinate transform of population densities to the directions of the eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix, calculating the variance and covariance of the transformed coordinates, and transforming back to natural coordinates (population densities) again.…”

Section: Population Level Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this paper, we derive conditions for simple two-species competitive communities, under which the size of population fluctuations are expected to increase or decrease with environmental reddening. The analysis is based on analytical methods of finding population variances in stochastic conditions (Ripa and Ives, 2003;Greenman and Benton, 2005b;Roughgarden, 1975b;Johansson et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The strength of species interactions modifies population responses to environmental variation in competitive communities

Ruokolainen

Ripa

2012

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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The risk of competitive exclusion during evolutionary branching: Effects of resource variability, correlation and autocorrelation

Cited by 16 publications

References 38 publications

Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Environmental Fluctuations and Their Consequences for the Evolution of Phenotypic Diversity

Coexistence in a fluctuating environment by the effect of relative nonlinearity: A minimal model

The strength of species interactions modifies population responses to environmental variation in competitive communities

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