The Risk of Abdominal Obesity according to the Degree of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Korean Men

Abstract

Although non-alcoholic fatty liver disease has been reported as a cardiometabolic risk factor, the effect of non-alcoholic fatty liver is yet to be clarified on abdominal obesity. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the longitudinal relationship of non-alcoholic fatty liver on the development of abdominal obesity. The study participants were composed of 11,212 Korean men without abdominal obesity. They were followed up from 2005 to 2010 to be monitored for the development of abdominal obesity according to their degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (normal, mild, and moderate to severe). Cox-proportional hazard model was used to calculate the hazard ratios for abdominal obesity according to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. While the average incidence was 15.5%, the incidence of abdominal obesity increased according to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver (normal: 11.6%, mild: 25.2%, moderate to severe: 41.0%, P < 0.001). Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios for abdominal obesity independently increased proportionally to the degree of NAFLD (mild [1.07; 0.94-1.23], moderate to severe [1.58; 1.11-2.26], P for trend < 0.001). The risk of abdominal obesity increased proportionally to the degree of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. This finding guarantees further studies to reveal the incidental relationship of abdominal obesity with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Effect of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease on left ventricular diastolic function and geometry in the Korean general population

“…This finding corresponds with previous studies showing the positive relationship between NAFLD and LV functional and structural alteration, and suggests that more progressed NAFLD carries the higher risk for cardiac problems. Additionally, despite any concern for the diagnostic accuracy of US in diagnosing NAFLD, this finding implies the clinical usefulness of US in diagnosing NAFLD, as in previous studies …”

“…We used a quantitative grading system to assess the degree of fatty infiltration in study participants Normal (grade 0): Hepatic parenchymal echogenicity is usually equal to that of the renal cortex. Mild fatty liver (grade 1): Diffuse slight increase in fine echoes in the hepatic parenchyma with normal visualization of the diaphragm and intrahepatic vessel borders. Moderate fatty liver (grade 2): Moderate diffuse increase in fine echoes with slightly impaired visualization of the intrahepatic vessels and diaphragm. Severe fatty liver (Grade 3): Marked increase in fine echoes with poor or no visualization of the intrahepatic vessel borders, diaphragm and posterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. …”

“…We described a detailed method in our previous study At the same time, we also used non‐invasive scoring systems. The Hepatic Steatosis Index (HSI) and Fatty Liver Index (FLI) were selected as evaluation methods for hepatic steatosis.…”

Lobeglitazone, a Novel Thiazolidinedione, Improves Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: Its Efficacy and Predictive Factors Related to Responsiveness

“…Obesity is a worldwide epidemic that leads to the development of chronic metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NALFD) (1)(2)(3). NAFLD is a condition where fat, mainly triglycerides (TG), accumulates in the hepatocytes of patients who have not consumed excessive amounts of alcohol (4).…”

Hemorheological Alteration in Patients Clinically Diagnosed with Chronic Liver Diseases

“…Among the three groups, patients with NAFLD had the highest blood viscosity, and this is consistent with the results of previous studies (1617192021). It is commonly known through many previous studies that increased blood viscosity is related to increased incidence and mortality of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (2223242526272829). …”