The risk of a swine influenza pandemic: still a concern?

Loubet, Paul; Enouf, Vincent; Launay, Odile

doi:10.1080/17476348.2019.1645011

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…Independent co-circulation of previous human IAVs in swine populations has been identified as a major risk of zoonotic re-introduction of antigenically altered IAVs into the human population (Loubet et al, 2019;Rajao et al, 2019). We examine in this large-scale comprehensive study the dynamic evolution of new genotypes, the emergence of swIAV phenotypes with potentially enhanced zoonotic propensity (i.e., human MxA escape), and their antigenic diversification in several European countries over a three-year observation period (2015)(2016)(2017)(2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses

Henritzi

Petric

Lewis

et al. 2020

Cell Host & Microbe

125

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Swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) can play a crucial role in the generation of new human pandemic viruses. In this study, in-depth passive surveillance comprising nearly 2,500 European swine holdings and more than 18,000 individual samples identified a year-round presence of up to four major swIAV lineages on more than 50% of farms surveilled. Phylogenetic analyses show that intensive reassortment with human pandemic A(H1N1)/2009 (H1pdm) virus produced an expanding and novel repertoire of at least 31 distinct swIAV genotypes and 12 distinct hemagglutinin/neuraminidase combinations with largely unknown consequences for virulence and host tropism. Several viral isolates were resistant to the human antiviral MxA protein, a prerequisite for zoonotic transmission and stable introduction into human populations. A pronounced antigenic variation was noted in swIAV, and several H1pdm lineages antigenically distinct from current seasonal human H1pdm co-circulate in swine. Thus, European swine populations represent reservoirs for emerging IAV strains with zoonotic and, possibly, pre-pandemic potential. ll Resource

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses

Henritzi

Petric

Lewis

et al. 2020

Cell Host & Microbe

125

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“…Replacing the probe clearly improved the in silico inclusivity of the SVIP-MP assay for the human H3N2 IAVs to 100% relative to the original 91.7% [43]. Sensitive H3N2 detection is important not only for public health, but also because this human subtype can transmit into swine leading to the establishment of new reassorted lineages [11,62,63]. Importantly, the assay sensitively detected the SwIV genotypes which contain the internal gene cassette of H1N1pdm origin which have become increasingly more prevalent during the past decade, regardless of the subtype determined by the glycoprotein (external) genes [11,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses

et al. 2021

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The mutual dependence of human and animal health is central to the One Health initiative as an integrated strategy for infectious disease control and management. A crucial element of the One Health includes preparation and response to influenza A virus (IAV) threats at the human-animal interface. The IAVs are characterized by extensive genetic variability, they circulate among different hosts and can establish host-specific lineages. The four main hosts are: avian, swine, human and equine, with occasional transmission to other mammalian species. The host diversity is mirrored in the range of the RT-qPCR assays for IAV detection. Different assays are recommended by the responsible health authorities for generic IAV detection in birds, swine or humans. In order to unify IAV monitoring in different hosts and apply the One Health approach, we developed a single RT-qPCR assay for universal detection of all IAVs of all subtypes, species origin and global distribution. The assay design was centred on a highly conserved region of the IAV matrix protein (MP)-segment identified by a comprehensive analysis of 99,353 sequences. The reaction parameters were effectively optimised with efficiency of 93–97% and LOD95% of approximately ten IAV templates per reaction. The assay showed high repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. The extensive in silico evaluation demonstrated high inclusivity, i.e. perfect sequence match in the primers and probe binding regions, established as 94.6% for swine, 98.2% for avian and 100% for human H3N2, pandemic H1N1, as well as other IAV strains, resulting in an overall predicted detection rate of 99% on the analysed dataset. The theoretical predictions were confirmed and extensively validated by collaboration between six veterinary or human diagnostic laboratories on a total of 1970 specimens, of which 1455 were clinical and included a diverse panel of IAV strains.

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“…IAVs to 100% relative to the original 91.7% [43]. Sensitive H3N2 detection is important not only for public health, but also because this human subtype can transmit into swine leading to the establishment of new reassorted lineages [11,62,63]. Importantly, the assay sensitively detected the SwIV genotypes which contain the internal gene cassette of H1N1pdm origin which have become increasingly more prevalent during the past decade, regardless of the subtype determined by the glycoprotein (external) genes [11,64].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses

Nagy

Černíková

Kunteová

et al. 2020

Preprint

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AbstractThe mutual dependence of human and animal health is central to the One Health initiative as an integrated strategy for infectious disease control and management. A crucial element of the One Health includes preparation and response to influenza A virus (IAV) threats at the human-animal interface. The IAVs are characterized by extensive genetic variability, they circulate among different hosts and establish host-specific lineages. The four main host reservoirs are: avian, swine, human and equine, with occasional transmission to other mammalian species. The host diversity is mirrored in the range of the RT-qPCR assays for IAV detection. Different assays are recommended by the responsible health authorities for generic IAV detection in birds, swine or humans. In order to unify IAV monitoring in different hosts and apply the One Health approach, we developed a single RT-qPCR assay for universal detection of all IAVs of all subtypes, species origin and global distribution. The assay design was centred on a highly conserved region of the IAV MP-segment identified by a comprehensive analysis of 99,353 sequences. The reaction parameters were effectively optimised with efficiency of 93-97% and LOD95% of approximately ten IAV templates per reaction. The assay showed high repeatability, reproducibility and robustness. The extensive in silico evaluation demonstrated high inclusivity, i.e. perfect sequence match in the primers and probe binding regions, established as 94.6% for swine, 98.2% for avian and 100% for human H3N2, pandemic H1N1, as well as other IAV strains, resulting in an overall predicted detection rate of 99% on the analysed dataset. The theoretical predictions were confirmed and extensively validated by collaboration between six veterinary or human diagnostic laboratories on a total of 1970 specimens, of which 1455 were clinical and included a diverse panel of IAV strains.

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The risk of a swine influenza pandemic: still a concern?

Cited by 6 publications

References 17 publications

Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses

Surveillance of European Domestic Pig Populations Identifies an Emerging Reservoir of Potentially Zoonotic Swine Influenza A Viruses

A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses

A universal RT-qPCR assay for “One Health” detection of influenza A viruses

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