The risk factors for calcification vary among the different sections of the lower extremity artery in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease

Yan, Hankun; Chang, Zhihui; Liu, Zhaoyu

doi:10.1186/s12872-020-01615-w

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Arterial calcification was previously considered a passive degenerative process but is now recognized as a complex process actively regulated by several cell molecules [ 24 ]. Arterial calcification mainly involves the intima and media, and is associated with cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and chronic kidney disease [ 25 ].…”

Section: Molecular Basis Of Vessel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

et al. 2021

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Currently, atherosclerosis, which affects the vascular bed of all vital organs and tissues, is considered as a leading cause of death. Most commonly, atherosclerosis involves coronary and peripheral arteries, which results in acute (e.g., myocardial infarction, lower extremities ischemia) or chronic (persistent ischemia leading to severe heart failure) consequences. All of them have a marked unfavorable impact on the quality of life and are associated with increased mortality and morbidity in human populations. Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD, also defined as peripheral artery disease, PAD) refers to atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremities, where partial or complete obstruction of peripheral arteries is observed. Decreased perfusion can result in ischemic pain, non-healing wounds, and ischemic ulcers, and significantly reduce the quality of life. However, the progressive atherosclerotic changes cause stimulation of tissue response processes, like vessel wall remodeling and neovascularization. These mechanisms of adapting the vascular network to pathological conditions seem to play a key role in reducing the impact of the changes limiting the flow of blood. Neovascularization as a response to ischemia induces sprouting and expansion of the endothelium to repair and grow the vessels of the circulatory system. Neovascularization consists of three different biological processes: vasculogenesis, angiogenesis, and arteriogenesis. Both molecular and environmental factors that may affect the process of development and growth of blood vessels were analyzed. Particular attention was paid to the changes taking place during LEAD. It is important to consider the molecular mechanisms underpinning vessel growth. These mechanisms will also be examined in the context of diseases commonly affecting blood vessel function, or those treatable in part by manipulation of angiogenesis. Furthermore, it may be possible to induce the process of blood vessel development and growth to treat peripheral vascular disease and wound healing. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in regulation of essential cellular signaling pathways such as cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. With regard to the repair processes taking place during diseases such as LEAD, prospective therapeutic methods have been described that could significantly improve the treatment of vessel diseases in the future. Summarizing, regenerative medicine holds the potential to transform the therapeutic methods in heart and vessel diseases treatment.

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Section: Molecular Basis Of Vessel Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

et al. 2021

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“…Many studies used ABI alone for PAD diagnosis in epidemiology investigation. Nevertheless, it would be better if our study use Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire to estimate intermittent claudication and CT angiography (CTA) to exam lower extremity [43]. Lastly, this study was conducted in Chinese hypertension male participants, the generalizability of the ndings to other populations remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

U-shaped association between serum bilirubin levels and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese males with hypertension

Shi

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Previous studies have indicated that serum total bilirubin might play an important role in peripheral artery disease (PAD). However, the effects of different levels of serum total bilirubin (TBiL) on PAD development remain uncertain, and there are limited data in male participants. We aimed to examine the prevalence of PAD and TBiL among Chinese male adults with hypertension.Methods: A total of 5129 hypertensive male subjects aged 27-93 years were included in the current study. The outcome was peripheral arterial disease (PAD), defined as present when the ABI of either side was ≤ 0.90.Results: Of 5129 hypertensive male participants, 194 (3.78%) had PAD, and the mean serum total bilirubin was 15.67 (7.76) μmol/L. Compared to participants in Q2-Q3 of LgTBiL, there was a significantly increased prevalence of PAD for participants in both Q1 (OR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.14) and Q4 (OR, 1.70; 95% CI: 1.16-2.48). After adjusting for potential confounders, a nonlinear U-shaped relationship was detected between TBiL and the prevalence of PAD, and the inflection point was calculated to be 1.08 (LgTBiL = 1.08, TBiL = 12.02 μmol/L). The ORs (95% CIs) were 0.11 (0.02, 0.83) on the left side of the inflection point and 5.26 (1.59, 17.38) on the right side of the inflection point. Similar results were found in various subgroups.Conclusions: This cross-sectional study showed that there was a U-shaped curve for the prevalence of PAD with TBiL concentration in Chinese males with hypertension, with a turning point at 12.02 μmol/L.

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“…Many studies used ABI alone for PAD diagnosis in epidemiology investigation. Nevertheless, it would be better if our study used Edinburgh Claudication Questionnaire to estimate intermittent claudication and CT angiography (CTA) to examine lower extremity ( Yan et al, 2020 ). Lastly, this study was conducted on Chinese hypertension participants; the generalizability of the findings to other populations remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Plasma Bilirubin Levels With Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chinese Hypertensive Patients: New Insight on Sex Differences

Shi

Zhou

Cheng³

et al. 2022

Front. Physiol.

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Background and aims: Previous studies have indicated that Plasma total bilirubin (TBiL) might play an essential role in peripheral arterial disease (PAD). However, the effects of different levels of TBiL on PAD development remain uncertain. We aimed to examine the TBiL and the prevalence of PAD among Chinese adults with hypertension, with particular attention paid to sex differences.Methods: A total of 10,900 hypertensive subjects were included in the current study. The mean age of our study participants was 63.86 ± 9.25 years, and there were 5,129 males and 5,771 females. The outcome was peripheral arterial disease (PAD), defined as present when the ankle-brachial index (ABI) of either side was ≤0.90. The association between TBiL and PAD was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis and the restricted cubic spline.Results: Of 10,900 hypertensive participants, 350 (3.21%) had PAD, and the mean plasma total bilirubin was 14.66 (6.86) μmol/L. The mean TBiL was 15.67 μmol/L in men and 13.76 μmol/L in women. The smoothing curve showed that a U-shaped curve association existed between TBiL and the prevalence of PAD in Chinese adults with hypertension. When stratified by sex, TBiL was significantly U-shaped associated with PAD among men but not women. Among males, the inflection point was 11.48 μmol/L; to the left inflection point, the effect size and 95% CI were 0.08, 0.01, 0.66, respectively; to the right inflection point, OR, 5.16; 95% CI,1.64, 16.25.Conclusions: We found an independent U-shaped association between TBiL and the prevalence of PAD among hypertensive subjects and a differential association between men and women. We further revealed a turning point by threshold effect analysis.

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The risk factors for calcification vary among the different sections of the lower extremity artery in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

Molecular Mechanisms Associated with ROS-Dependent Angiogenesis in Lower Extremity Artery Disease

U-shaped association between serum bilirubin levels and peripheral arterial disease in Chinese males with hypertension

Association of Plasma Bilirubin Levels With Peripheral Arterial Disease in Chinese Hypertensive Patients: New Insight on Sex Differences

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