The Rise of the Quantum Internet

Fourier’s Quantum Information Processing

“…This protocol, as well as many others like those from quantum key distribution (QKD), with entangled [28,29] or polarized photons [30,31], and a relatively new family of protocols for quantum data security called quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) [32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] are of main importance in a critical branch of quantum communications [24][25][26] called quantum cryptography [43,44]. Success of the latter has an obvious impact on a new version of the internet, named quantum internet [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]. In fact, a spectral analysis of this new network is of fundamental importance to increase its performance, given that the information exchange that will take place in quantum internet is based on signal traffic and processing, as well as on the use of entangled pairs in the transmitter, receiver, terrestrial quantum repeaters [59][60][61][62][63], and satellite quantum repeaters [64,65].…”

Towards a distributed quantum computing ecosystem

“…1, pp. [3][4][5][6][7][8] This is an open access article published by the IET under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/) processor design based on the distributed quantum computing paradigm. Within the envisioned ecosystem, the lowest layers integrate the Quantum Internet as the fundamental underlying infrastructure providing networking and communication functionalities among remote quantum devices.…”

“…Considering modern available technologies, it seems reasonable to envision that we will see a first attempt of interconnection among quantum computers located nearby. Likely, one of the main tech companies currently providing cloud access to isolated quantum computers – such as IBM [61], HIQ [62], Amazon Braket [63] or Azure Quantum [64] – will scale the available quantum computing power by interconnecting few quantum computers located few meters away within a quantum farm [2, 4]. After that, it is reasonable to envision that some of these companies will have quantum computers distributed over the world.…”

“…Nowadays, a tremendous amount of heterogeneous players entered the quantum race, ranging from tech giants -such as IBM and Google in fierce competition to build a commercial quantum computer -to states and governments, with massive public funds to be distributed over the next years [1][2][3][4].…”

“…At the end of 2019, Google achieved the so‐called quantum supremacy (the term was coined by Preskill in 2011 [10] to describe the moment when a programmable quantum device would solve a problem that cannot be solved by classical computers, regardless of the usefulness of the problem [4]) with a 54‐qubits quantum processor, named Sycamore , by sampling from the output distribution of 53‐qubits random quantum circuits [11]. By neglecting some performance‐enhancing techniques as pointed out by IBM [12, 13], Google estimated that ‘ a state‐of‐the‐art supercomputer would require approximately 10,000 years to perform the equivalent task ’ that required just 200 seconds on Sycamore.…”