The rise and fall of pan-Arabism

Introduction

“…The European Community/Union is often seen as a new kind of actor which has emerged from the ashes of the Second World War, a departure from its temporal "other" in the past (Waever, 1996). However, from the viewpoint of the Middle East, through first an "anti-colonial" (Mohamedou, 2018;Gani, 2019;Salem, 2020) and then a "postcolonial" lens (Azeez, 2019;Ball and Mattar, 2018;Kandiyoti, 2002;Göçek, 2012;Bilgin, 2018), both hope and doubt have been shed on this development. Have relations really changed substantially, or is there actually more continuity than usually assumed?…”