The Rise and Fall of Universal Salt Iodization in Vietnam

Codling, Karen; Quang, Nguyen Minh; Phong, Le Hong; Phuong, Do Hong; Quang, Nguyen Dinh; Bégin, France; Mathisen, Roger

doi:10.1177/0379572115616039

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Nam is now among the top 20 countries with the highest levels of iodine insufficiency (Iodine Global Network 2017) worldwide, especially after the end of government-subsidized iodized salt supplementation (Codling et al 2015).…”

Section: Nutrition Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining key research areas for healthier diets and sustainable food systems in Viet Nam

Raneri¹,

Kennedy²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2019

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established in 1975, provides research-based policy solutions to sustainably reduce poverty and end hunger and malnutrition. IFPRI's strategic research aims to foster a climate-resilient and sustainable food supply; promote healthy diets and nutrition for all; build inclusive and efficient markets, trade systems, and food industries; transform agricultural and rural economies; and strengthen institutions and governance. Gender is integrated in all the Institute's work. Partnerships, communications, capacity strengthening, and data and knowledge management are essential components to translate IFPRI's research from action to impact. The Institute's regional and country programs play a critical role in responding to demand for food policy research and in delivering holistic support for country-led development. IFPRI collaborates with partners around the world.

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Section: Nutrition Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining key research areas for healthier diets and sustainable food systems in Viet Nam

Raneri¹,

Kennedy²,

Nguyen³

et al. 2019

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“…UNICEF or other donors have provided it for free in numerous countries including Cambodia, DPRK, Lao PDR, Mongolia and Myanmar. Difficulties have been experienced in several countries in ending free or subsidized provision of potassium iodate and in a number of countries, such as Cambodia ( 21 ) and Vietnam ( 22 ) , coverage has declined following the withdrawal of donations of potassium iodate.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Vietnam, salt iodization was mandatory until 2005, at which time 93 % of households were using adequately iodized salt. Under the subsequent period of voluntary iodization (2005–2016), however, the proportion of households using iodized salt rapidly declined to 45 % in 2010 ( 22 ) . In India, a federal ban on the sale of common (non-iodized) salt existed under the Food Adulteration Act from 1998 to 2000.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Salt used in food processing may be particularly important in the East Asia region where use of salty condiments such as soya sauce, fish sauce, fermented fish, soyabean paste, etc., instead of table salt, is widespread. Limited data from Vietnam found that 35 % of total sodium intake was from seasonings, 32 % was from fish sauce and 8 % was from instant noodles, with only 6 % from table salt ( 22 ) . It is worrying therefore that some countries exclude salt for food processing, while it is ambiguous or not specified in others.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The legislative framework for salt iodization in Asia and the Pacific and its impact on programme implementation

Codling

Rudert

Bégin

et al. 2017

Public Health Nutr.

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ObjectiveFortification of food-grade (edible) salt with iodine is recommended as a safe, cost-effective and sustainable strategy for the prevention of iodine-deficiency disorders. The present paper examines the legislative framework for salt iodization in Asian countries.DesignWe reviewed salt iodization legislation in thirty-six countries in Asia and the Pacific. We obtained copies of existing and draft legislation for salt iodization from UNICEF country offices and the WHO’s Global Database of Implementation of Nutrition Actions. We compiled legislation details by country and report on commonalities and gaps using a standardized form. The association between type of legislation and availability of iodized salt in households was assessed.ResultsWe identified twenty-one countries with existing salt iodization legislation, of which eighteen were mandatory. A further nine countries have draft legislation. The majority of countries with draft and existing legislation used a mandatory standard or technical regulation for iodized salt under their Food Act/Law. The remainder have developed a ‘stand-alone’ Law/Act. Available national surveys indicate that the proportion of households consuming adequately iodized salt was lowest in countries with no, draft or voluntary legislation, and highest in those where the legislation was based on mandatory regulations under Food Acts/Laws.ConclusionsLegislation for salt iodization, particularly mandatory legislation under the national food law, facilitates universal salt iodization. However, additional important factors for implementation of salt iodization and maintenance of achievements include the salt industry’s structure and capacity to adequately fortify, and official commitment and capacity to enforce national legislation.

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“…These populations should be a focus on both nutrition and nonnutrition interventions to ensure that women enter pregnancy when they are was only under development in the nine countries; legislation making universal salt iodization mandatory was not enacted in Brunei, Singapore, and Vietnam (ASEAN et al, 2016). In Vietnam, marked decreases in iodized salt consumptions and increases in iodized deficiency were observed after the revocation of national legislation for mandatory salt iodization in 2005 (Codling et al, 2015). Home gardening, animal husbandry, cash transfers, provision of credit, and land distribution were included in some NNS however have showed mixed results on improving nutrition (Webb & Kennedy, 2014).…”

Section: T a B L E 2 Interventions Included In National Nutrition Strmentioning

confidence: 99%

National nutrition strategies that focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations

Nguyen¹,

Darnell²,

Weissman

et al. 2020

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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We examined the consistency of national nutrition strategies and action plans (NNS) focusing on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia with regional and international recommendations. Between July and December 2017, we identified and extracted information on context, objectives, interventions, indicators, strategies, and coordination mechanisms from the most recent NNS in nine Southeast Asian countries. All NNS described context, objectives, and the following interventions: antenatal care, micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy, breastfeeding promotion, improved complementary feeding, nutrition in emergencies, and food fortification or dietary diversity. Micronutrient supplementation for young children was included in eight NNS; breastfeeding promotion during pregnancy and support at birth in seven; and school feeding, deworming, and treatment of severe acute malnutrition in six. All NNS contained programme monitoring and evaluation plans with measurable indicators and targets. Not all NNS covered wasting, exclusive breastfeeding, low birthweight, and childhood overweight. Strategies for achieving NNS goals and objectives were health system strengthening (nine), social and behaviour change communication (nine), targeting vulnerable groups (eight), and social or community mobilization (four). All addressed involvement, roles and responsibilities, and collaboration mechanisms among sectors and stakeholders. There was a delay in releasing NNS in Indonesia, Myanmar, and the Philippines. In conclusion, although Southeast Asian NNS have similarities in structure and contents, some interventions and indicators vary by country and do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations. A database with regularly updated information on NNS components would facilitate cross‐checking completeness within a country, comparison across countries, and knowledge sharing and learning.

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The Rise and Fall of Universal Salt Iodization in Vietnam

Cited by 15 publications

References 5 publications

Determining key research areas for healthier diets and sustainable food systems in Viet Nam

Determining key research areas for healthier diets and sustainable food systems in Viet Nam

The legislative framework for salt iodization in Asia and the Pacific and its impact on programme implementation

National nutrition strategies that focus on maternal, infant, and young child nutrition in Southeast Asia do not consistently align with regional and international recommendations

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