“…Diabetes mellitus is one major non-communicable disease for which age-standardized mortality rates keep rising-in contrast to, for example, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory disease (WHO). Efforts to understand its pathophysiology are of high impact, as, for example, the results of Doncheva et al on the role of circulating miRNAs in the interplay of insulin sensitivity, exercise, and obesity, 4,5 or the influence of dietary macronutrient composition on pancreatic islet function. 6,7 While exercise is recommended in all guidelines aimed at reducing the impact of overnutrition-associated pathologies, current data indicate a necessary finetuning of exercise regimens to individual metabolic responses.…”