One challenge for comparative research is providing a convincing and comprehensive account of how social and political value positions translate into situated acts of teaching; or bringing values and practice together to allow teaching embedded in one context to be compared with teaching embedded in another so as to better inform educationalists and policy makers. This can be done through a focus on and comparison of pedagogy. Following a theorisation of pedagogy, this article discusses methodological approaches which allow researchers to identify patterns in complex social practice in order to make comparisons across contexts. Such approaches allow implications to be drawn with some confidence without losing the richness and messiness of real life. The approaches suggested attempt to be relatively straightforward to avoid hindering comparison by adding further to an already contextually complex picture. Comparing Pedagogy Comparing Teachers and Teaching Increasingly, education policy making in many countries is underpinned by a shared assumption (Adams, 2008); teaching is treated as if it is in a linear and causal relation with student performance, and good teaching is often reduced to 'what works' in improving student test scores (for example, in Denmark [Ministeriet for Børn og Undervisning, 2010]; in England [DfES, 2003, 2005]; in Germany [Döbert et al, 2004]). One consequence of this view has been that for several years national governments have looked to countries deemed more successful than theirs to identify promising teaching approaches which they have then torn from their discursive contexts. But international surveys of student achievement (such as Robitaille & Taylor, 1997; OECD, 2007), and research which makes simple comparisons between countries on the basis of these comparisons in order to 'borrow' effective policy (