The Rise and Fall of Homegrown Concepts in Global IR: The Anatomy of ‘Strategic Depth’ in Turkish IR

Bakir, Ali; Ersoy, Eyüp

doi:10.20991/allazimuth.1150360

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…And they have done so despite persistent obstacles to securing the uptake of "homegrown theorizing" 71 within a discipline that, as Tolay maps, entails multiple modalities of reproducing Eurocentrism. 72 This claim has been empirically nuanced in recent studies by Aydınlı and Erpul; 73 Bakir and Ersoy 74 and Sula 75…”

Section: Ir's Global Turn and Turkey's Comparative Advantagementioning

confidence: 94%

From Realist Billiard Balls and Liberal Concentric Circles to Global IR’s Venn Diagram? Rethinking International Relations via Turkey’s Centennial

Fisher-Onar

2023

Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi

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The Republic of Turkey continues to grapple with a foundational tension between isolationist impulses steeped in a nationalist, sovereigntist, i.e., realist outlook on the world, and what I call the “embedded liberalism” of the republican project. Yet, neither realism nor liberalism are sufficient, I show, to explain Turkey’s trajectory. Invoking three visions of the international system as envisaged in realism (billiard balls), liberalism (concentric circles), and global IR (which I conceptualize as a Venn diagram), I argue that the last best captures (Turkey’s) challenges and opportunities. My contention is that global IR incorporates constructivist claims regarding historical and social forces in world politics, but also decenters Eurocentric notions of history and society. A timely way to read multipolarity, the approach supports relational learning regarding our overlapping challenges as humanity. Scholars in and of Turkey arguably have a comparative advantage in this space. This is due to their ability, albeit not always actualized, to read the world in plural terms — the epistemological equivalent of Turkey’s proverbial bridging role in world politics.

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Section: Ir's Global Turn and Turkey's Comparative Advantagementioning

confidence: 94%

From Realist Billiard Balls and Liberal Concentric Circles to Global IR’s Venn Diagram? Rethinking International Relations via Turkey’s Centennial

Fisher-Onar

2023

Uluslararası İlişkiler Dergisi

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“…Hoffmann, 1977; Turton, 2016; Waever, 1998) to those more generally decrying the lack of non-Western perspectives (e.g. Acharya & Buzan, 2017; Anderl & Witt, 2020; Bakir & Ersoy, 2022; Hobson, 2012; Lake, 2016; Ringmar, 2020; Wemheuer-Vogelaar, Kristensen, & Lohaus, 2021).…”

Section: Conventional Ir Theories’ 9/11 Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

9/11 was an Instance of Transnational Balancing: An Intervention in Statist IR Theory

Aydınlı

2022

Alternatives: Global, Local, Political

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With the end of the Cold War and through the start of the 21st century, conventional IR theories were anticipating an eventual balancing against the United States. Puzzled when this phenomenon did not occur, balancing theorists engaged in a lively discussion, bringing with it the development of proposed alternative forms of balancing and a debate over whether the concept itself had perhaps outlived its relevance. This article reengages with this discussion, suggesting that many of the involved theorists were hampered by theoretical blinders based on statism, and that in fact balancing did occur, but in an unconventional manner and at the hands of an unexpected suspect: al Qaeda, a violent non-state actor, acting in a transnational manner. In this context, this article treats the 9/11 attacks of the violent Jihadist anti-Western movement as an instance of balancing against the hegemon, a successful one in that the Jihadists arguably aimed not at “winning,” but at revealing the superpower’s weaknesses so that others would subsequently join the balancing effort. By failing to view the Jihadists’ efforts as an ideological balancing effort, the United States responded with force rather than ideational counter-balancing. They waged a war instead of emphasizing efforts to separate the radical violent Jihadist perpetrators from the idea they were championing—a struggle in the name of Muslims/the downtrodden East against the United States—and thus allowing the challenger to rise into a position of "dissident" in the Muslim world, and, arguably, paving the path for today's state revisionist behaviors. The article proposes a framework based on traditionally state-based concepts of intent and impact/capacity to show how non-state actors can in fact balance superpowers and therefore should be incorporated into balancing theories, and presents the actions of the violent Jihadists as an example of transnational, ideational balancing—a phenomenon as real and consequential as state-balancing.

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Epistemic hierarchies and asymmetrical dialogues in global IR: increasing the epistemic gravity of the periphery through thematic density

Ersoy

2022

Third World Quarterly

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The Rise and Fall of Homegrown Concepts in Global IR: The Anatomy of ‘Strategic Depth’ in Turkish IR

Cited by 4 publications

References 49 publications

From Realist Billiard Balls and Liberal Concentric Circles to Global IR’s Venn Diagram? Rethinking International Relations via Turkey’s Centennial

From Realist Billiard Balls and Liberal Concentric Circles to Global IR’s Venn Diagram? Rethinking International Relations via Turkey’s Centennial

9/11 was an Instance of Transnational Balancing: An Intervention in Statist IR Theory

Epistemic hierarchies and asymmetrical dialogues in global IR: increasing the epistemic gravity of the periphery through thematic density

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