The ring-shaped thermal field of Stefanos crater, Nisyros Island: a conceptual model

Pantaleo, M.; Walter, Thomas R.

doi:10.5194/se-5-183-2014

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…4a). As mentioned in the BIntroduction,p athways of the ascending fluids including CO 2 are controlled by topography, lithology, and/or volcano-tectonic structures (Schöpa et al 2011;Peltier et al 2012;Pantaleo and Walter 2014;Hutchison et al 2015). Here, we evaluate possibilities of these factors.…”

Section: Pathway Of Diffuse Comentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pantaleo and Walter (2014) suggested that permeability contrasts generated by depositional processes may control an evolution of fumarole fields. A similar idea is also presented in Peltier et al (2012).…”

Section: Pathway Of Diffuse Comentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Peltier et al (2012) indicated that, at Yasur-Yankahe volcanic complex, Vanuatu, hydrothermal areas were linked with planar stratification and structures such as faults and old crater rims. Pantaleo and Walter (2014) also showed a good example of lithological control on permeability in the fumarolic areas at Nisyros Island, Greece. Summarizing these references, the DDS reflects subsurface structures of local permeability that are controlled by topography, lithology, and volcano-tectonic structures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Recently, Hutchison et al (2015) presented evidence that, at Aluto volcanic complex, Main Ethiopian Rift, the fluid pathways are controlled not only by pre-and post-caldera structures at large scale but also by topography and surface lithology at small scale using soil CO 2 flux measurements and geomorphological analyses. This idea is based on recent thermal infrared imagery studies focusing on the fluid ascent in volcanoes (Schöpa et al 2011;Peltier et al 2012;Pantaleo and Walter 2014). Schöpa et al (2011) showed that, at Vulcano Island, positions of the fumaroles around the crater rims are controlled by topography at the large scale and by lithology and structures at small scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

et al. 2016

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We measured diffuse carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) flux and soil temperature around the summit of Asama volcano, Japan to assess the diffuse degassing structure around the summit area. Soil CO 2 flux was measured using an accumulation chamber method, and the spatial distributions of CO 2 flux and soil temperature were derived from the mean of 100 sequential Gaussian simulations. Results show that soil CO 2 flux was high on the eastern flank of Kamayama cone and the eastern rim of Maekake crater, the outer cone. These areas mostly correspond to high-temperature anomalies. The average emission rate of diffuse CO 2 was calculated to be 12.6 t day −1 (12.2-14.6 t day −1 ). Such diffuse emissions account for 12 % of the total (diffuse and plume) CO 2 emissions from the summit area. The diffuse CO 2 anomalies probably reflect permeable zones controlled by local topography and hidden fractures bordering Maekake crater. The permeable zones are connected to the low-electrical-resistivity zone inferred to indicate both a hydrothermal fluid layer and an upper sealed layer made of clay minerals. Magmatic gas from the main conduit ascends to the volcano surface through this fluid layer and the permeable zones. These insights emphasize that the pathways and the connection between the pathways and the source of diffuse CO 2 combine to create the pattern of heterogeneous diffuse CO 2 emission seen at the surface. Only by using a combination of gas measurements and geophysical tools can we begin to understand the dynamics of this system as a whole.

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Section: Pathway Of Diffuse Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pathway Of Diffuse Comentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

et al. 2016

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“…In fact, in the last 30 years, CO 2 spatial distribution has been used worldwide to identify hidden tectonic structures, since faults/fractures act as preferential pathways (high permeability zones) for the escape of gases from the deep crust or mantle to the surface (Giammanco et al, 1999(Giammanco et al, , 2006Baubron et al, 2002;Hutchison et al, 2015;Liuzzo et al, 2015). Based on the release of soil gases in confined areas, Chiodini et al (2001) named the anomalous CO 2 degassing areas, where hydrothermal/volcanic CO 2 is released, as diffuse degassing structures (DDS), whose shape depends on morphological, geological, and structural factors, such as the topography, existence of lithological heterogeneities, and presence of faults/fractures (Schöpa et al, 2011;Peltier et al, 2012;Pantaleo and Walter, 2014).…”

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confidence: 99%

Soil CO2 Degassing Path along Volcano-Tectonic Structures in the Pico-Faial-São Jorge Islands (Azores Archipelago, Portugal)

Viveiros

Marcos²,

Faria

et al. 2017

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Azores archipelago is composed of nine volcanic islands located at the triple junction between the North American, Eurasian, and Nubian plates. Nowadays the volcanic activity in the archipelago is characterized by the presence of secondary manifestations of volcanism, such as hydrothermal fumaroles, thermal and cold CO 2 -rich springs as well as soil diffuse degassing areas, and low magnitude seismicity. Soil CO 2 degassing (concentration and flux) surveys have been performed at Pico, Faial, and São Jorge islands to identify possible diffuse degassing structures. Since the settlement of the Azores in the fifteenth Century these three islands were affected by seven onshore volcanic eruptions and at least six destructive earthquakes. These islands are crossed by numerous active tectonic structures with dominant WNW-ESE direction, and less abundant conjugate NNW-SSE trending faults. A total of 2,855 soil CO 2 concentration measurements have been carried out with values varying from 0 to 20.7 vol.%. Soil CO 2 flux measurements, using the accumulation chamber method, have also been performed at Pico and Faial islands in the summer of 2011 and values varied from absence of CO 2 to 339 g m −2 d −1 . The highest CO 2 emissions were recorded at Faial Island and were associated with the Pedro Miguel graben faults, which seem to control the CO 2 diffuse degassing and were interpreted as the pathways for the CO 2 ascending from deep reservoirs to the surface. At São Jorge Island, four main degassing zones have been identified at the intersection of faults or associated to WNW-ESE tectonic structures. Four diffuse degassing structures were identified at Pico Island essentially where different faults intersect. Pico geomorphology is dominated by a 2,351 m high central volcano that presents several steam emissions at its summit. These emissions are located along a NW-SE fault and the highest measured soil CO 2 concentration reached 7.6 vol.% with a maximum temperature of 77 • C. The diffuse degassing maps show that anomalous CO 2 degassing areas are controlled essentially by the tectonic structures and the lithology of the sites since the youngest volcanic systems are characterized by very low CO 2 emissions.

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Long‐term TIR imagery processing for spatiotemporal monitoring of surface thermal features in volcanic environment: A case study in the Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy)

2015

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Different procedures were used to analyze a comprehensive time series of nighttime thermal infrared images acquired from October 2006 to June 2013 by a permanent station at Pisciarelli (Campi Flegrei, Italy). The methodologies were aimed at the detection and quantification of possible spatiotemporal changes in the ground-surface thermal features of an area affected by diffuse degassing. Long-term infrared time series images were processed without taking into account atmospheric conditions and emissivity estimations. The data obtained were compared with the trends of independent geophysical and geochemical parameters, which suggested that long-term temporal variations of the surface maximum temperatures were governed by the dynamics of the deeper hydrothermal system. Analogously, the dynamics of the shallow hydrothermal system are likely to control the short-period thermal oscillations that overlie the long-term thermal signals. The map of the yearly rates of temperature change shows temperature increases clustered in the thermal anomalous area of the infrared images, without evidence of modifications to the extension of the anomaly or of growth of new areas with significant thermal emission. This suggests that in the present state, the heat transfer is mainly due to hot gas emission through preexisting fractures and vents. Our data indicate that the comprehensive picture of the spatiotemporal evolution of the thermal features of the hydrothermal sites obtained by long-term infrared monitoring can provide useful information toward refining physical and conceptual models, as well as improving surveillance of active volcanoes.

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The ring-shaped thermal field of Stefanos crater, Nisyros Island: a conceptual model

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

Diffuse carbon dioxide emissions from hidden subsurface structures at Asama volcano, Japan

Soil CO2 Degassing Path along Volcano-Tectonic Structures in the Pico-Faial-São Jorge Islands (Azores Archipelago, Portugal)

Long‐term TIR imagery processing for spatiotemporal monitoring of surface thermal features in volcanic environment: A case study in the Campi Flegrei (Southern Italy)

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