“…In Arabidopsis, FER directly interacts with Rho of plants guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RopGEFs), activating the ROP GTPase and mediating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the entrance of the female gametophyte, thereby inducing pollen tube rupture and sperm release (Kessler et al, 2010 ; Duan et al, 2014 ; Ngo et al, 2014 ). FER is believed to function in a variety of other important processes, such as root hair elongation (Duan et al, 2010 ; Huang et al, 2013 ), starch accumulation (Yang et al, 2015 ), sugar utilization (Pu et al, 2017 ), seed development (Yu et al, 2014 ), pathogen resistance (Keinath et al, 2010 ; Kessler et al, 2010 ), and vegetative growth (Guo et al, 2009 ; Deslauriers and Larsen, 2010 ). Notably, FER has been demonstrated to play a pivotal role in the cross-talk signaling among the phytohormones that play crucial roles in Arabidopsis , including abscisic acid (ABA; Yu et al, 2012 ; Chen et al, 2016 ), auxin (Duan et al, 2010 ), brassinosteroids (BR), and ethylene (Guo et al, 2009 ; Deslauriers and Larsen, 2010 ).…”