The rice genome project in Japan

Sasaki, Takuji

doi:10.1073/pnas.95.5.2027

Cited by 55 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…The pioneering work, which laid the foundation for rice genome sequencing, was initiated in early 1990s. (3) The work centered on constructing a linkage map (http://rgp.dna.affrc.go.jp/publicdata/geneticmap2000.index.html), (4) YAC (yeast artificial chromosome) based physical map, (5,6) a transcript map (7,8) and sequence-ready BAC/PAC (bacterial artificial chromosome/P1-derived artificial chromosome) physical map. (2,9) Rice is also amenable to genetic transformation, thereby providing an ideal crop system for functional genomics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the rice genome

et al. 2006

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Rice cultivation is one of the most important agricultural activities on earth, with nearly 90% of it being produced in Asia. It belongs to the family of crops that includes wheat, maize and barley, and it supplies more than 50% of calories consumed by the world population. Its immense economic value and a relatively small genome size makes it a focal point for scientific investigations, so much so that four whole genome sequence drafts with varying qualities have been generated by both public and privately funded ventures. The availability of a complete and high-quality map-based sequence has provided the opportunity to study genome organization and evolution. Most importantly, the order and identity of 37,544 genes of rice have been unraveled. The sequence provides the required ingredients for functional genomics and molecular breeding programs aimed at unraveling intricate cellular processes and improving rice productivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoding the rice genome

et al. 2006

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“…Substantial eort has been directed towards improving rice production using both conventional breeding and genetic engineering techniques. Although a decade ago rice was considered one of the most recalcitrant crops in terms of genetic manipulation, it has recently emerged as the model cereal (Izawa and Shimamoto 1996) for the study of plant genomics (Dean and Schmidt 1995;Nagamura et al 1997;Sasaki 1998), plant pathology (Valent 1990;Ronald 1997), gene regulation (Sheu et al 1994;Zhao et al 1994;Kyozuka et al 1998) gene expression (Chan et al 1994;Tsuchiya et al 1994;Kohli et al 1996Kohli et al , 1999aKumpatla et al 1997;Kumpatla and Hall 1998) metabolic pathway manipulation (Burkhardt et al 1997;Nakamura et al 1997) and the inheritance, organization, rearrangement and fate of transgenes (Hiei et al 1994;Cooley et al 1995;Kohli et al 1998Kohli et al , 1999b. This revolution was due, in part, to progress in the establishment of ecient rice transformation systems (for review, see Christou 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-bombardment-mediated co-transformation of elite Chinese rice cultivars with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and sap-sucking insect pests

Tang

Tinjuangjun

et al. 1999

Planta

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Transgenic rice plants were generated using particle bombardment to simultaneously introduce the rice Xa21 gene eective against bacterial blight and the Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (snowdrop lectin; gna) gene eective against sap-sucking insect pests, speci®cally the brown plant hopper. Using three plasmids, we cotransformed 5-to 10-d-old, mature seed-derived rice (Oryza sativa L.) callus of two elite Chinese rice cultivars, Eyi 105 and Ewan 5. The plasmids carried a total of four genes. The gna and Xa21 genes were carried on separate plasmids. The selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) and the reporter gene b-glucuronidase (gusA) were linked on the same, co-integrate vector. We recovered over 160 independently derived transgenic rice plants. Over 70% of the transgenic plants carried all four genes, as con®rmed by polymerase chain reaction and/or Southern blot analysis. Furthermore, 70% of transgenic plants carrying all four genes also coexpressed all four genes, as con®rmed by growth on selection media (hpt), GUS histochemical assays (gusA), western blotting (gna) and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (Xa21) analysis. The co-expression eciency reported for the four transgenes in our study is the highest ever found in any transgenic plant population generated through co-transformation. The linked genes (hpt and gusA) co-integrated with a frequency of near 100%, and we observed a co-integration frequency greater than 70% for the genes carried on separate plasmids. We observed no preferential integration of any particular gene(s). Genetic analysis con®rmed Mendelian segregation of the transgenes in subsequent generations. We report, for the ®rst time, generation and analysis of transgenic rice lines carrying genes eective against more than one taxa of pathogen or pest, substantiating that particle bombardment represents an eective way to introduce unlinked complex multiple traits into plants.Abbreviations: gna (GNA) = gene (protein) for Galanthus nivalis agglutinin; gusA (GUS) = gene (protein) for b-glucuronidase; hpt (HPT) = gene (protein) for hygromycin phosphotransferase; Xa21 (XA21) = gene (protein) for resistance to bacterial blight, RT-PCR = reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

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“…In Arabidopsis, six enzymes (CPS, KS, EKO, EKAO, GA20ox and GA3ox) have been identified as GA-biosynthetic enzymes (Hedden and Phillips 2000). Recent progress in the rice genome project (Sasaki 1998) has enabled to readily identify rice genes that are homologous to valuable genes that have been isolated in other plant species, such as Arabidopsis and maize. Using this information, we have Fig.…”

Section: Genetic Analysis Of Sd1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

et al. 2002

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A rice semi-dwarf variety, IR8, known as "miracle rice" enabled dramatic increases rice production and its widespread adoption averted predicted food shortages in Asia during the 1960s to 1990s. This remarkable achievement was referred to as "green revolution". The short stature of IR8 was derived from the semi-dwarf gene, sd1, and the sd1 gene contributed significantly to the rice "green revolution". In this paper, we described the physiological, molecular genetic and biochemical characterization of the sd1 gene. The sd1 mutant contained lower gibberellin (GA) levels than wild-type plants but responded sensitively to exogenous GA. Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the SD1 gene encoded a GA biosynthetic enzyme, GA20 oxidase. In all of the sd1 mutants tested, nucleotide deletions or substitutions were observed in the GA20 oxidase gene (GA20ox-2), which induced an internal stop codon or single amino acid substitutions, respectively. The sd1 plants, which the wild-type GA20ox-2 gene was introduced showed the normal height. A recombinant GA20ox-2 protein produced from the cDNA clone in E. coli catalyzed the conversion of GA 53 to GA 20 . These results confirmed that SD1 encodes an active GA20 oxidase. The expression of GA20ox-2 was down-regulated by GA in a similar manner to that of some GA20oxs in other plants. The rice genome carried at least two GA 20-oxidase genes (GA20ox-1 and GA20ox-2) and SD1 corresponded to GA20ox-2, which is highly expressed in the leaves and flowers, whereas GA20ox-1 is preferentially expressed in the flowers. The reduced plant height associated with the sd1 alleles was due to the low amount of active GA in leaves, which was caused by a mutation of the GA20ox-2 gene. On the basis of these results, we discussed the importance of GA in the regulation of plant height in crop breeding.

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The rice genome project in Japan

Cited by 55 publications

References 18 publications

Decoding the rice genome

Decoding the rice genome

Particle-bombardment-mediated co-transformation of elite Chinese rice cultivars with genes conferring resistance to bacterial blight and sap-sucking insect pests

Loss-of-function of a Rice Gibberellin Biosynthetic Gene, GA20 oxidase (GA20ox-2), Led to the Rice 'Green Revolution'.

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