The rice G protein γ subunit qPE9-1 positively regulates grain-filling process by interacting with abscisic acid and auxin

Abstract

24The rice genome contains a single G α (RGA1) and G β (RGB1) and five G γ subunits. Recent 25 genetic studies have shown that DEP1/qPE9-1, an atypical putative G γ protein, is responsible 26 for dense and erect panicles, but the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying 27 control of grain size are not well understood. Here, we report that plants carrying qPE9-1 28 have more endosperm cells per grain than plants contain the qpe9-1 allele. The qPE9-1 line 29 has a higher rate and longer period of starch accumulation than the qpe9-1 line. Additionally, 30 the expression of several key genes encoding enzymes catalyzing sucrose metabolism and 31 starch biosynthesis is higher in the qPE9-1 line than in the qpe9-1 line, especially from the 32 mid to late grain-filling stage. Grains of the qPE9-1 line also have higher contents of two 33 phytohormones, ABA and IAA. Exogenous application of ABA or IAA enhanced starch 34 accumulation and the expression of genes encoding grain-filling-related enzymes in the 35 grains of qPE9-1, whereas only IAA produced these effects in qpe9-1. Based on these results, 36we conclude that qPE9-1 promotes endosperm cell proliferation and positively regulates 37 starch accumulation largely through ABA and IAA, which enhance the expression of genes 38 encoding starch biosynthesis during the late grain-filling stage. 39 40

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