The Rice Diacylglycerol Kinase Family: Functional Analysis Using Transient RNA Interference

Ge, Hongliang; Chen, Chu; Jing, Wen; Zhang, Qun; Wang, Hong; Wang, Rong; Zhang, Wenhua

doi:10.3389/fpls.2012.00060

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…nicotianae (Zhang et al ). Similarly, DGK‐ silencing in rice protoplasts, resulting in increased amounts of DAG, suppressed xylanase‐induced expression of the pathogenesis‐related gene OsNPR1 and the defense‐related transcription factor OsWRKY71 (Ge et al ). This discrepancy in DAG function may be explained by the existence of different signaling pools of DAG and PA, with contrasting effects on resistance.…”

Section: Defense Signaling By the Products Of The Pi‐plc/diacylglycermentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C at the center of plant innate immunity

Abd-El-Haliem

Joosten

2017

JIPB

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Understanding plant resistance to pathogenic microbes requires detailed information on the molecular mechanisms controlling the execution of plant innate immune responses. A growing body of evidence places phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzymes immediately downstream of activated immune receptors, well upstream of the initiation of early defense responses. An increase of the cytoplasmic levels of free Ca 2þ , lowering of the intercellular pH and the oxidative burst are a few examples of such responses and these are regulated by PI-PLCs. Consequently, PI-PLC activation represents an early primary signaling switch between elicitation and response involving the controlled hydrolysis of essential signaling phospholipids, thereby simultaneously generating lipid and non-lipid second messenger molecules required for a swift cellular defense response. Here, we elaborate on the signals generated by PI-PLCs and their respective downstream effects, while providing an inventory of different types of evidence describing the involvement of PI-PLCs in various aspects of plant immunity. We project the discussed information into a model describing the cellular events occurring after the activation of plant immune receptors. With this review we aim to provide new insights supporting future research on plant PI-PLCs and the development of plants with improved resistance.

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Section: Defense Signaling By the Products Of The Pi‐plc/diacylglycermentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C at the center of plant innate immunity

Abd-El-Haliem

Joosten

2017

JIPB

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“…Arabidopsis seedlings grown for 3 weeks in the presence of R59022 had a reduced primary root elongation, suggesting a role for DGKs in root growth (Gómez-Merino et al, 2005). Rice protoplasts expressing RNAi-silencing constructs targeting multiple DGK s are impaired in the expression of PR1 in response to xylanase, and in the expression of CIPK15 in response to NaCl (Ge et al, 2012). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Arabidopsis DREB2 genetic pathway is constitutively repressed by basal phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C coupled to diacylglycerol kinase

Djafi¹,

Vergnolle²,

Cantrel³

et al. 2013

Front. Plant Sci.

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Phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipases C (PI-PLCs) are activated in response to various stimuli. They utilize substrates provided by type III-Phosphatidylinositol-4 kinases (PI4KIII) to produce inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol (DAG) that is phosphorylated into phosphatidic acid (PA) by DAG-kinases (DGKs). The roles of PI4KIIIs, PI-PLCs, and DGKs in basal signaling are poorly understood. We investigated the control of gene expression by basal PI-PLC pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells. A transcriptome-wide analysis allowed the identification of genes whose expression was altered by edelfosine, 30 μM wortmannin, or R59022, inhibitors of PI-PLCs, PI4KIIIs, and DGKs, respectively. We found that a gene responsive to one of these molecules is more likely to be similarly regulated by the other two inhibitors. The common action of these agents is to inhibit PA formation, showing that basal PI-PLCs act, in part, on gene expression through their coupling to DGKs. Amongst the genes up-regulated in presence of the inhibitors, were some DREB2 genes, in suspension cells and in seedlings. The DREB2 genes encode transcription factors with major roles in responses to environmental stresses, including dehydration. They bind to C-repeat motifs, known as Drought-Responsive Elements that are indeed enriched in the promoters of genes up-regulated by PI-PLC pathway inhibitors. PA can also be produced by phospholipases D (PLDs). We show that the DREB2 genes that are up-regulated by PI-PLC inhibitors are positively or negatively regulated, or indifferent, to PLD basal activity. Our data show that the DREB2 genetic pathway is constitutively repressed in resting conditions and that DGK coupled to PI-PLC is active in this process, in suspension cells and seedlings. We discuss how this basal negative regulation of DREB2 genes is compatible with their stress-triggered positive regulation.

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“…Plant DGKs have been cloned from many plant species, including Arabidopsis thaliana [6][7], tomato [8], maize (Zea mays) [9], rice (Oryza sativa) [10], Malus prunifolia [11], tobacco [12], and soybean (Glycine max) [13]. Based on their gene architectures, evolutionary relationships, and sequences, plants DGKs have been classi ed into three distinct phylogenetic clusters [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic profiling and expression analysis of the diacylglycerol kinase gene family in heterologous hexaploid wheat

Jia

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The inositol phospholipid signaling system, which is based on the metabolism of phosphoinositide (PI), mediates plant growth, development, and responses to adversity. Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) is one of the key enzymes in the PI-cycle, which catalyzes the phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to form phosphatidic acid (PA). To date, comprehensive genomic and functional analyses of DGK genes have not been reported in wheat. Results In this study, 20 DGK gene family members from the heterologous hexaploid wheat genome (TaDGKs) were identified and analyzed. Each putative protein was found to consist of a DGK catalytic domain and a accessory domain. The analyses of phylogenetic and gene structure revealed that each TaDGK gene could be grouped to clusters I, II, or III. In each phylogenetic subgroup, the TaDGKs demonstrated high conservation in functional domains, for example gene structure and amino acid sequences. By cloning, four coding sequences were ascertained from Chinese spring wheat. Expression analysis of these four genes revealed that each had a unique spatial and developmental expression pattern, indicating their functional diversification in wheat growth and development processes. Additionally, TaDGKs were also prominently up-regulated express under salt and drought stresses, suggesting their possible roles in dealing with adversity environment. Further cis-regulatory elements analysis elucidated transcriptional regulation and potential biological functions. Conclusions These results provide valuable information for understanding the putative functions of DGK genes in wheat, and conduce to ulterior functional analysis of this pivotal gene family. The 20 TaDGKs identified and analyzed in this study provide a strong foundation for further exploration of the biological function and regulatory mechanisms of TaDGKs in response to environmental stimuli.

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The Rice Diacylglycerol Kinase Family: Functional Analysis Using Transient RNA Interference

Cited by 26 publications

References 31 publications

Plant phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C at the center of plant innate immunity

Plant phosphatidylinositol‐specific phospholipase C at the center of plant innate immunity

The Arabidopsis DREB2 genetic pathway is constitutively repressed by basal phosphoinositide-dependent phospholipase C coupled to diacylglycerol kinase

Genomic profiling and expression analysis of the diacylglycerol kinase gene family in heterologous hexaploid wheat

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