The rice blast fungus SR protein 1 regulates alternative splicing with unique mechanisms

Shi, Wei; Yang, Jun; Deng, Chao; Yin, Changfa; Zhang, Huixia; Xu, Xiao-zhou; Pan, Xiao; Wang, Ruijin; Fei, Liwang; Li, Mengfei; Qi, Linlu; Bhadauria, Vijai; Liu, Junfeng; Peng, You-Liang

doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1011036

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Alternatively spliced SMN orthologs in M. oryzae are required for stress resistance and disease development (Liang et al, 2015). Deletion of the splicing factor MoSrp1 verified that alternative splicing participated in mycelial growth, conidiation, and virulence in M. oryzae (Shi et al, 2022).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The fungicide pyraclostrobin affects gene expression by altering the DNA methylation pattern in Magnaporthe oryzae

Fang,

Wang,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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IntroductionRice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae has long been the main cause of rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield reduction worldwide. The quinone external inhibitor pyraclostrobin is widely used as a fungicide to effectively control the spread of pathogenic fungi, including M. oryzae. However, M. oryzae can develop resistance through multiple levels of mutation, such as target protein cytb mutation G143A/S, leading to a decrease in the effectiveness of the biocide after a period of application. Therefore, uncovering the possible mutational mechanisms from multiple perspectives will further provide feasible targets for drug development.MethodsIn this work, we determined the gene expression changes in M. oryzae in response to pyraclostrobin stress and their relationship with DNA methylation by transcriptome and methylome.ResultsThe results showed that under pyraclostrobin treatment, endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis were enhanced, suggesting that more aberrant proteins may be generated that need to be cleared. DNA replication and repair processes were inhibited. Glutathione metabolism was enhanced, while lipid metabolism was impaired. The number of alternative splicing events increased. These changes may be related to the elevated methylation levels of cytosine and adenine in gene bodies. Both hypermethylation and hypomethylation of differentially methylated genes (DMGs) mainly occurred in exons and promoters. Some DMGs and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were annotated to the same pathways by GO and KEGG, including protein processing in the ER, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, RNA transport and glutathione metabolism, suggesting that pyraclostrobin may affect gene expression by altering the methylation patterns of cytosine and adenine.DiscussionOur results revealed that 5mC and 6mA in the gene body are associated with gene expression and contribute to adversity adaptation in M. oryzae. This enriched the understanding for potential mechanism of quinone inhibitor resistance, which will facilitate the development of feasible strategies for maintaining the high efficacy of this kind of fungicide.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The fungicide pyraclostrobin affects gene expression by altering the DNA methylation pattern in Magnaporthe oryzae

Fang,

Wang,

Qiu

et al. 2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…The split-PCR strategy was used for gene disruption as previously described (Goswami 2012 ; Shi et al 2022 ). For deleting NEM1 or CPKA , hygromycin ( HYG ) was used as a bridge gene to generate recombinant fragments.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 regulates appressorium function for infection of Magnaporthe oryzae

et al. 2023

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Lipid droplets are important storages in fungal conidia and can be used by plant pathogenic fungi for infection. However, the regulatory mechanism of lipid droplets formation and the utilization during fungal development and infection are largely unknown. Here, in Magnaporthe oryzae, we identified a lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 that played a key role in lipid droplets biogenesis and utilization. Nem1 was highly expressed in conidia, but lowly expressed in appressoria, and its encoded protein was localized to lipid droplets. Deletion of NEM1 resulted in reduced numbers of lipid droplets and decreased content of diacylglycerol (DAG) or triacylglycerol (TAG). NEM1 was required for asexual development especially conidia production. The Δnem1 mutant was nearly loss of virulence to host plants due to defects in appressorial penetration and invasive growth. Remarkably, Nem1 was regulated by the TOR signaling pathway and involved in the autophagy process. The Ser303 residue of Nem1 could be phosphorylated by the cAMP-PKA signaling pathway and was important for biological function of Nem1. Together, our study revealed a regulatory mechanism of lipid biogenesis and metabolism during the conidium and appressorium formation of the rice blast fungus.

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The serine-arginine (SR) protein UmRrm75 from Ustilago maydis is a functional ortholog of yeast ScHrb1

Rodríguez-Piña,

Castaño de la Serna,

Jiménez-Bremont

2023

Int Microbiol

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The rice blast fungus SR protein 1 regulates alternative splicing with unique mechanisms

Cited by 5 publications

References 97 publications

The fungicide pyraclostrobin affects gene expression by altering the DNA methylation pattern in Magnaporthe oryzae

The fungicide pyraclostrobin affects gene expression by altering the DNA methylation pattern in Magnaporthe oryzae

A lipid droplet-associated protein Nem1 regulates appressorium function for infection of Magnaporthe oryzae

The serine-arginine (SR) protein UmRrm75 from Ustilago maydis is a functional ortholog of yeast ScHrb1

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