The Rice 14-3-3 Gene Family and its Involvement in Responses to Biotic and Abiotic Stress

Abstract

14-3-3 proteins function as major regulators of primary metabolism and cellular signal transduction in plants. However, their involvement in plant defense and stress responses is largely unknown. In order to better address functions of the rice 14-3-3/GF14 proteins in defense and abiotic stress responses, we examined the rice GF14 family that comprises eight numbers. The phylogenetic comparison with the Arabidopsis 14-3-3 family revealed that the majority of rice GF14s might have evolved as an independent branch. At least four rice GF14 genes, GF14b, GF14c, GF14e and Gf14f were differentially regulated in the interactions of rice-Magnaporthe grisea and rice-Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, and the incompatible interactions stronger induced the genes than the compatible interactions. These GF14 genes were also induced by the defense compounds, benzothiadiazole, methyl jasmonate, ethephon and hydrogen peroxide. Similarly, they were differentially regulated by salinity, drought, wounding and abscisic acid. Tissue-specific analysis and expression of GF14-YFP fusions revealed that the four GF14 isoforms were expressed with tissue specificity and accumulated differentially in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Our current study provides fundamental information for the further investigation of the rice GF14 proteins.

Arsenic stress affects the expression profile of genes of 14-3-3 proteins in the shoot of mycorrhiza colonized rice

“…Similarly, a differential expression of four rice 14-3-3 proteins viz. OsGF14b, OsGF14c, OsGF14e and OsGF14f was observed (Chen et al 2006) in response to plant-pathogen interaction, defence signalling compounds and diverse abiotic stimuli. Furthermore, the transcripts of three rice 14-3-3 protein genes (OsGF14b, OsGF14c and OsGF14e) were induced in response to several environmental stresses including drought (Cooper et al 2003).…”

“…(Cooper et al 2003;Roberts 2003;Chen et al 2006;Xu et al 2012b). In this study, we used a real-time RT-PCR in order to investigate the effect of As stress on the expression profile of 14-3-3 protein genes in the shoot of NCo and Co rice plants.…”

“…These are phosphoserine-binding proteins that regulate activities of a wide array of targets through direct proteinprotein interactions (Xu et al 2012a). Several lines of evidence suggest that in higher plants14-3-3 proteins bind to a wide range of transcription factors and signalling molecules and play vital roles in plant growth regulation, and signalling and responses to different biotic and abiotic stresses (Chen et al 2006;Xu and Shi 2006;Xu et al 2012a;Liu et al 2016). The over-expression of the Arabidopsis14-3-3 gene, AtGF14k, in cotton resulted in improved water-stress tolerance (Yan et al 2004).…”

“…In rice, 14-3-3 proteins are encoded by a multigene family. With the help of Real-Time RT-PCR, the expression profile of rice 14-3-3 protein family was examined in response to different defense signalling compounds and biotic and abiotic stress stimuli, and results suggested that at least four 14-3-3 genes (OsGF14b, OsGF14c, OsGF14e and OsGF14f) were differentially induced by various stress stimuli (Chen et al 2006). Furthermore, OsGF14e has been implicated to have a role in disease resistance through negative effects on the induction of plant defense response genes and cell death (Manosalva et al 2011).…”

“…Furthermore, OsGF14e has been implicated to have a role in disease resistance through negative effects on the induction of plant defense response genes and cell death (Manosalva et al 2011). Although the gene expression of 14-3-3 proteins under various environmental stress has been investigated (Chen et al 2006;Xu and Shi 2006;Manosalva et al 2011;Campo et al 2012;Xu et al 2012a), expression profiling of the rice 14-3-3 gene family in response to As stress has not yet been studied.…”