The rhodopsin-porphyropsin system in freshwater fishes—1. Effects of age and photic environment

Sensory Trade-Offs Predict Signal Divergence in Surfperch

“…Although opsin sequence variation is still unknown in surfperch, they are known to have retinas with mixed chromophore composition (mixtures of vitamins A 1 and A 2 , Cummings and Partridge 2001). A 1 : A 2 mixtures can shift the spectral tuning of the same photoreceptor class 20–60 nm in a matter of weeks with changes in optical conditions (Dartnall et al 1961; Beatty 1966; Bridges and Yoshikami 1970). Hence, although the phylogeny suggests a single shift in sensory biases given the ecological niches of these surfperch species in Monterey Bay, California, a further test would examine sensory bias and signal evolution for this group under different environmental conditions that promote different sensory biases (e.g., southern California).…”

Visual Pigment Changes in Rainbow Trout in Response to Temperature

“…The ed with decreases in the percentage of visual pigment composition in several of porphyropsin in some of these species the paired-pigment species changes sea-[rudd, Scardinius erythrophthalmus; sonally or during the spawning migration golden shiner, Notemigonus cryso- (2). leucas; and common shiner, Notropis Both light (quality, intensity, and phocornutus (3,4,6,8)] and increases in othtoperiod) and temperature have been imers [redside shiner, Richardsonius balplicated as factors involved in changes in teatus; rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri; visual pigment composition (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8). Light and brook char, Salvelinus fontinalis (5, 1358 7)].…”

“…In addition, because the light environment as well as temperature affects the composition of visual pigment in certain paired-pigment teleosts (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8), further investigations on seasonal changes of the light and temperature environments in relation to visual pigment changes are necessary in order to elucidate the biological significance of these events.…”

Presence of Rhodopsin and Porphyropsin in the Eyes of 164 Fishes, Representing Marine, Diadromous, Coastal and Freshwater Species—A Qualitative and Comparative Study†

“…The “paired” chromophore composition in one species is not fixed but varies over the life history of each fish, depending on factors including season, age (27,28), location and migration (29) and habitat (30). As the seasonal change in the properties of paired pigments was first recorded by Dartnall et al.…”

“…The ''paired'' chromophore composition in one species is not fixed but varies over the life history of each fish, depending on factors including season, age (27,28), location and migration (29) and habitat (30). As the seasonal change in the properties of paired pigments was first recorded by Dartnall et al (31), several reports (8,32,33) have shown that the ratio of the two pigments is biased in favor of rhodopsin in summer, but of porphyropsins in winter.…”