The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

Goodwin, Paul H.

doi:10.3390/microorganisms10061152

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Among these potentially pathogenic fungal genera, Fusarium , Aspergillus , and Penicillium are the main causes of ginseng root rot, resulting in decreased yield and poor growth ( Li et al, 2018 ; Du et al, 2022 ). The fungal genera Cladosporium and Monascus are major causes of ginseng wilt, which can cause leaf scorch and even plant death ( Goodwin, 2022 ). This further suggests that the imbalance of rhizosphere microecology caused by the massive accumulation of ginseng root exudates may be an important factor underlying the reduced yield and quality of ginseng.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality

et al. 2023

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Root exudates contain a complex array of primary and specialized metabolites that play important roles in plant growth due to their stimulatory and inhibitory activities that can select for specific microbes. In this study, we investigated the effects of different root exudate concentrations on the growth of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey), ginsenoside levels, and soil fungal community composition and diversity. The results showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil promoted ginseng rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels (Rg1, Re, Rf, Rg2, Rb1, Ro, Rc, Rb2, Rb3, and Rd) in rhizomes. However, the rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels gradually decreased with further increases in the root exudate concentration. ITS sequencing showed that low root exudate concentrations in the soil hardly altered the rhizosphere fungal community structure. High root exudate concentrations altered the structure, involving microecological imbalance, with reduced abundances of potentially beneficial fungi (such as Mortierella) and increased abundances of potentially pathogenic fungi (such as Fusarium). Correlation analysis showed that rhizome biomass and ginsenoside levels were significantly positively correlated with the abundances of potentially beneficial fungi, while the opposite was true for potentially pathogenic fungi. Overall, low root exudate concentrations promote the growth and development of ginseng; high root exudate concentrations lead to an imbalance in the rhizosphere fungal community of ginseng and reduce the plant’s adaptability. This may be an important factor in the reduced ginseng yield and quality and soil sickness when ginseng is grown continuously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality

et al. 2023

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“…Furthermore, in root cross-sections of the medicinal plants, ginseng and Banlangen, multiple organic acids were enriched in the phloem and medulla rather than the xylem ( Nie et al , 2021 ; Sun et al , 2021 ). The enrichment patterns of these metabolites in ginseng may be reflective of organic acids contributing to the rhizosphere exudate ( Goodwin, 2022 ). In fruits, organic acids also serve as flavoring agents that impact acidity and organoleptic qualities.…”

Section: Expanding the Spatial Metabolome Coveragementioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging plant metabolism in situ

Horn,

Chapman

2023

Journal of Experimental Botany

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Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an invaluable analytical technique for investigating the spatial distribution of molecules within biological systems. In the realm of plant science, MSI is increasingly employed to explore metabolic processes across a wide array of plant tissues, including those in leaves, fruits, stems, roots, and seeds, spanning various plant systems such as model species, staple and energy crops, and medicinal plants. By generating spatial maps of metabolites, MSI has elucidated the distribution patterns of diverse metabolites and phytochemicals, encompassing lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, organic acids, phenolics, terpenes, alkaloids, vitamins, pigments, and others, thereby providing insights into their metabolic pathways and functional roles. In this review, we present recent MSI studies that demonstrate the advances made in visualizing the plant spatial metabolome. Moreover, we emphasize the technical progresses that enhance the identification and interpretation of spatial metabolite maps. Within a mere decade since the inception of plant MSI studies, this robust technology is poised to continue as a vital tool for tackling complex challenges in plant metabolism.

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“…A rhizosphere microbial community, including soil-borne diseases, plays an important role in determining the health of Panax plants [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The pathogens for American ginseng root rot include Fusarium solani , F. oxysporum , and Cylindrocarpon destructans [ 1 , 9 ], which can damage the seedling’s roots, and mainly spread through soil moisture, underground insects, and nematodes [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pathogens for American ginseng root rot include Fusarium solani , F. oxysporum , and Cylindrocarpon destructans [ 1 , 9 ], which can damage the seedling’s roots, and mainly spread through soil moisture, underground insects, and nematodes [ 10 ]. The previous study on healthy and diseased P. notoginseng showed that the differed composition of bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil [ 7 ] and the abundance of Pseudomonas spp. and Ilyonectria spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere Microbiome and Phenolic Acid Exudation of the Healthy and Diseased American Ginseng Were Modulated by the Cropping History

Zhang,

Wei,

et al. 2023

Plants

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The infection of soil-borne diseases has the potential to modify root exudation and the rhizosphere microbiome. However, the extent to which these modifications occur in various monocropping histories remains inadequately explored. This study sampled healthy and diseased American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) plants under 1–4 years of monocropping and analyzed the phenolic acids composition by HPLC, microbiome structure by high-throughput sequencing technique, and the abundance of pathogens by quantitative PCR. First, the fungal pathogens of Fusarium solani and Ilyonectria destructans in the rhizosphere soil were more abundant in the diseased plants than the healthy plants. The healthy American ginseng plants exudated more phenolic acid, especially p-coumaric acid, compared to the diseased plants after 1–2 years of monocropping, while this difference gradually diminished with the increase in monocropping years. The pathogen abundance was influenced by the exudation of phenolic acids, e.g., total phenolic acids (r = −0.455), p-coumaric acid (r = −0.465), and salicylic acid (r = −0.417), and the further in vitro test confirmed that increased concentration of p-coumaric acid inhibited the mycelial growth of the isolated pathogens for root rot. The healthy plants had a higher diversity of rhizosphere bacterial and fungal microbiome than the diseased plants only after a long period of monocropping. Our study has revealed that the cropping history of American ginseng has altered the effect of pathogens infection on rhizosphere microbiota and root exudation.

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The Rhizosphere Microbiome of Ginseng

Cited by 10 publications

References 93 publications

Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality

Root exudates influence rhizosphere fungi and thereby synergistically regulate Panax ginseng yield and quality

Imaging plant metabolism in situ

Rhizosphere Microbiome and Phenolic Acid Exudation of the Healthy and Diseased American Ginseng Were Modulated by the Cropping History

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