2022
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810518
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The Rheology and Physicochemical Characteristics of Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Their Clinical Implications

Abstract: Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers have become the most popular material for facial volume augmentation and wrinkle correction. Several filler brands are currently on the market all around the world and their features are extremely variable; for this reason, most users are unaware of their differences. The study of filler rheology has become a wellspring of knowledge, differentiating HA fillers, although these properties are not described thoroughly by the manufacturers. The authors of this review describe the more … Show more

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Cited by 47 publications
(75 citation statements)
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“…A simetria facial perfeita raramente existe no esqueleto craniofacial. Ao contrário, a existência das desarmonias entre os terços faciais faz com que haja uma maior busca por consultas e métodos científicos e práticos existentes que possam suprir as necessidades estéticas de cada indivíduo (Fundarò et al, 2022).…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
“…A simetria facial perfeita raramente existe no esqueleto craniofacial. Ao contrário, a existência das desarmonias entre os terços faciais faz com que haja uma maior busca por consultas e métodos científicos e práticos existentes que possam suprir as necessidades estéticas de cada indivíduo (Fundarò et al, 2022).…”
Section: Resultsunclassified
“…There is a growing trend in using hyaluronic acid (HA)-based dermal fillers to smooth the effects of facial aging and wrinkle correction (Fundarò et al, 2022). This tendency is reflected in various HAs with different characteristics based on their rheological properties (Cotofana et al, 2021).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Hyaluronic acid (HA) fillers are injectable gels indicated for filling, volumizing, or contouring the face, improving folds, and promoting the facial lifting effect [1][2][3][4][5][6]. They bring immediate, longlasting, and natural-looking [1][2][3][4][5]. In addition to a few side effects, the reversibility of using hyaluronidase is a significant advantage [1].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…They bring immediate, longlasting, and natural-looking [1][2][3][4][5]. In addition to a few side effects, the reversibility of using hyaluronidase is a significant advantage [1].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
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