The reuse of nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites

Zheng, Yanhong; Shen, Zhigang; Cai, Chao; Ma, Shulin; Xing, Yufeng

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.008

Cited by 155 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Other constituents that may also be found are coupling agents, coatings, and fillers. Fillers are used with some polymeric matrices primarily to reduce costs and improve their dimensional stability [10][11][12]. In previous research [13][14][15][16], the composition formula for the recycling of NMF as a filler material in FRP was developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

Kanchanapiya¹

2017

GEOMATE

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This study aims to develop practical products that can be produced from non-metallic fraction (NMF) -a non-valuable waste from the copper recovery process of printed circuit board waste (PCBW) as a reinforcing material in glass fiber reinforced plastic (GFRP) furniture products. A table-top product was selected as the practical prototype. The results show that the new composite, called "NMF composite" can be used to replace the plywood layer or the glass fiber layer in table-top prototypes. The production process and physical properties of the new product, including weight changes, deflection and shrinkage, were studied. The advantage of the practical prototype production over the traditional GFRP production is that the processing time can be improved up to 32% because of no hand lay-up process involved. From the economic analysis and an environmental viewpoint, to promote the recycling of NMF as the filler material in FRP furniture product, government subsidy is necessary to motivate manufacturers to initiate the new product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

Kanchanapiya¹

2017

GEOMATE

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“…Many researchers have reported fabrication of poly Alpha-Methyl Styrene (PAMS) / clay nano co mp o si te s [ 26 -30] , p o ly Me thy l Methacrylate (PMMA) / clay nanocomposites and poly styrene-co-methyl methacrylate (PSco-PMMA) / Na-MMT nanocomposites because of many advantages such as high mechanical property, good gas barrier, flame retardation and, etc. [31,33], polymer/clay nanocomposites have been intensely investigated by researchers at Toyota for light-weight material applications [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]. The cationic polymerization of MMA seems unlikely in view of it structure, Lewis acid catalysis explains the difficulties encountered in trying fabricate plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methyl Methacrylate and Alpha-Methyl Styrene: New Strategy for Synthesis of Bloc Copolymers for Use in Potential Biomedical Applications Generated by an Ecologic Catalyst Called Maghnite (Algerian MMT)

Ayat

Belbachir

Rahmouni

2016

Bull. Chem. React. Eng. Catal.

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A new model for synthesis of the plastics, block copolymers were prepared from methyl methacrylate (MMA) and alpha-methyl styrene (α-MS) by cationic copolymerization in the presence of a new and efficient catalyst of "Maghnite-Na" at 0 °C in bulk. In this paper, the copolymerization of α-MS and MMA was induced in heterogeneous phase catalyzed by Maghnite-Na was investigated under suitable conditions. The "Maghnite-Na" is a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay, with exchanged sodium cations to produce Na-Montmorillonite (Na + -MMT) obtained from Tlemcen, Algeria, was investigated to remove heavy metal ion from wastewater as an efficient catalyst for cationic polymerization of many vinylic and heterocyclic monomers. The synthesized copolymer were characterized by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR-1 H, NMR-13 C), FT-IR spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) to elucidate structural characteristics and thermal properties of the resulting copolymers. The structure compositions of "MMT", "H + -MMT" and "Na + -MMT" have been developed. The effect of the MMA/α-MS molar ratio on the rate of copolymerization, the amount of catalyst, temperature and time of copolymerization on yield of copolymers was studied. The yield of copolymerization depends on the amount of Na + -MMT used and the reaction time. The kinetic studies indicated that the polymerization rate is first order with respect to monomer concentration. A possible mechanism of this cationic polymerization is discussed based on the results of the 1 H-NMR Spectroscopic analysis of these model reactions. A cationic mechanism for the reaction studies showed that monomer was inserted into the growing chains.

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“…The final separation can be made via magnetic, electrostatic or densitybased separation to produce a metal-rich fraction. The non-metallic fraction, which is the resin fraction of the board can find application areas as a filler for thermosetting resin composites [6], a reinforcing filler for thermoplastic resin composite materials [7], as a raw material for concrete [8][9][10], or as a modifier for viscoelastic materials [11]. Although mechanical separation processes appear an environmentally friendly, convenient and relatively simple process, the application area is highly influenced and limited by the final properties of the recycled polymer; as the clean separation of metals from the polymer should be achieved and the transfer of toxic and hazardous substances to the final product should be prevented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Recycling of Printed Circuit Board Waste by Depolymerization in Sub- and Supercritical Solvents

Yıldırır

Onwudili

Williams

2015

Waste Biomass Valor

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Disposal of waste printed circuit boards is regarded as a potential major environmental problem due to their heavy metal content. Therefore, recycling waste printed circuit boards represents an opportunity to recover the high value resin chemicals and the high value metals that are present. In this study, the solvo-thermal depolymerisation of waste printed circuit boards obtained from desktop computer monitors was carried out using water, ethanol and acetone between 300 -400 °C. Alkalis (NaOH, KOH) were used as additives to promote the removal of the resin fraction of the printed circuit boards. At 400 °C, 94% resin removal was achieved when water was used as the solvent, in the presence of NaOH. The liquid produced in the process was analysed by GC/MS and the results showed that it was mainly composed of phenol, and some phenolic compounds, with up to 62.5 wt% present as phenol in the liquid phase.

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The reuse of nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards as reinforcing fillers in the polypropylene composites

Cited by 155 publications

References 26 publications

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

A New Composite Made From Non-Metallic Waste Printed Circuit Boards: Table-Top Product as a Practical Prototype

Methyl Methacrylate and Alpha-Methyl Styrene: New Strategy for Synthesis of Bloc Copolymers for Use in Potential Biomedical Applications Generated by an Ecologic Catalyst Called Maghnite (Algerian MMT)

Chemical Recycling of Printed Circuit Board Waste by Depolymerization in Sub- and Supercritical Solvents

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