The return of a forgotten polymer—Polycaprolactone in the 21st century

Woodruff, Maria A.; Hutmacher, Dietmar W.

doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.04.002

Cited by 3,272 publications

(2,796 citation statements)

References 192 publications

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“…This transition is associated with the melting of crystal spherulites in the polymer. The T m at atmospheric pressure, as measured by rheology, is therefore 68.1 ± 0.6 °C, in good agreement with T m reported elsewhere in the literature [37,45] and with that measured by DSC in this work (64.6 ± 0.2 °C). This is a powerful demonstration of the ability of CO 2 to act as a temporary plasticiser for PCL, by diffusing into the polymer and interacting through Lewis acid/base interactions with the carbonyl groups of the backbone.…”

Section: Effect Of Pressure On T M Of Pcl10supporting

confidence: 92%

“…It is a semi-crystalline polyester with T m ~ 55-70 °C and T g ~ -60 °C that can be synthesised through ring-opening polymerisation of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) using catalysts such as stannous octanoate or enzymes such as Candida Antarctica Lipase B [37,38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, PCL has also received much attention for use as an implantable, resorbable material and is already used in many medical applications such as drug delivery, sutures, dentistry and tissue engineering [9,12,37,39,40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-pressure rheological analysis of CO2-induced melting point depression and viscosity reduction of poly(ε-caprolactone)

Curia

Focatiis

Howdle

2015

Polymer

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(2015) High-pressure rheological analysis of CO2-induced melting point depression and viscosity reduction of poly(ε-caprolactone). Polymer, Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/45413/1/curia_polymer2015_preprint.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the viscosity of two PCL grades with different molecular weight (M n~1 0 kDa and 80 kDa) was also detected upon increasing the CO 2 pressure to 300 bar.Experimental viscosity data were fitted to the Carreau model to quantify the extent of the plasticising effects on the zero-shear viscosity and relaxation time under different conditions. Similar analyses were conducted under high-pressure nitrogen, to compare the effects obtained in the presence of a non-plasticising gas.

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Section: Effect Of Pressure On T M Of Pcl10supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-pressure rheological analysis of CO2-induced melting point depression and viscosity reduction of poly(ε-caprolactone)

Curia

Focatiis

Howdle

2015

Polymer

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“…This polymer was chosen because it has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for drug delivery specific applications and has prior been used for nanoparticle preparation [17,[22][23][24]. Concentrations of components of the three nanocarriers are given in Table 1.…”

Section: Preparation Of Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Mathes

Melero

Conrad

et al. 2016

Journal of Controlled Release

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The treatment of various hair disorders has become a central focus of good dermatologic patient care as it affects men and women all over the world. For many inflammatory-based scalp diseases, glucocorticoids are an essential part of treatment, even though they are known to cause systemic as well as local adverse effects when applied topically. Therefore, efficient targeting and avoidance of these side effects are of utmost importance. Optimizing the balance between drug release, interfollicular permeation, and follicular uptake may allow minimizing these adverse events and simultaneously improve drug delivery, given that one succeeds in targeting a sustained release formulation to the hair follicle. To test this hypothesis, three types of polymeric nanocarriers (nanospheres, nanocapsules, lipid-core nanocapsules) for the potent glucocorticoid Clobetasol propionate (CP) were prepared. They all exhibited a sustained release of drug, as was desired. The particles were formulated as a dispersion and hydrogel and (partially) labeled with Rhodamin B for quantification purposes. Follicular uptake was investigated using the Differential Stripping method and was found highest for nanocapsules in dispersion after application of massage. Moreover, the active ingredient (CP) as well as the nanocarrier (Rhodamin B labeled polymer) recovered in the hair follicle were measured simultaneously, revealing an equivalent uptake of both. In contrast, only negligible amounts of CP could be detected in the hair follicle when applied as free drug in solution or hydrogel, regardless of any massage. Skin permeation experiments using heat-separated human epidermis mounted in Franz Diffusion cells revealed equivalent reduced transdermal permeability for all nanocarriers in comparison to application of the free drug. Combining these results, nanocapsules formulated as an aqueous dispersion and applied by massage appeared to be a good candidate to maximize follicular targeting and minimize drug penetration into the interfollicular epidermis. We conclude that such nanotechnology-based formulations provide a viable strategy for more efficient -2-drug delivery to the hair follicle. Moreover, they present a way to minimize adverse effects of potent glucocorticoids by releasing the drug in a controlled manner and simultaneously decreasing interfollicular permeation, offering an advantage over conventional formulations for inflammatorybased skin/scalp diseases. Graphical Abstract AbbreviationsAA: Alopecia areata ANOVA: Analysis of variance CCT: capric/caprylic triglyceride CP: Clobetasol propionate

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“…In order to overcome this issue, preparation of PCL copolymers is proposed (Merkli et al, 1998;Freiberg and Zhu, 2004;Sinha et al, 2004). Block and random copolymers of PCL can be synthesized by using monomers such as ethyleneoxide, polyvinylchloride, chloroprene, polyethylene glycol(PEG), polystyrene, diisocyanates (urethanes), tetrahydrofuran (THF), diglycolide, dilactide, δ-valerlactone, substituted caprolactones, 4-vinyl anisole, styrene, methyl methacrylate and vinyl acetate (Okada, 2002;Woodruff and Hutmacher, 2010). Among these monomers, PEG is suitable to form caprolactone block copolymers because of its hydrophilicity, nontoxicity and absence of antigenicity and immunogenicity (Wei et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumoral Evaluation of Erlotinib-PCEC Nanoparticles

Barghi¹,

Asgari²,

Barar³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Background: Development of a nanosized polymeric delivery system for erlotinib was the main objective of this research. Materials and Methods: Poly caprolactone-polyethylene glycol-polycaprolactone (PCEC) copolymers with different compositions were synthesized via ring opening polymerization. Formation of triblock copolymers was confirmed by HNMR as well as FT-IR. Erlotinib loaded nanoparticles were prepared by means of synthesized copolymers with solvent displacement method. Results: Physicochemical properties of obtained polymeric nanoparticles were dependent on composition of used copolymers. Size of particles was decreased with decreasing the PCL/PEG molar ratio in used copolymers. Encapsulation efficiency of prepared formulations was declined by decreasing their particle size. Drug release behavior from the prepared nanoparticles exhibited a sustained pattern without a burst release. From the release profiles, it can be found that erlotinib release rate from polymeric nanoparticles is decreased by increase of CL/PEG molar ratio of prepared block copolymers. Based on MTT assay results, cell growth inhibition of erlotinib has a dose and time dependent pattern. After 72 hours of exposure, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of erlotinib hydrochloride was appeared to be 14.8 μM. Conclusions: From the obtained results, it can be concluded that the prepared PCEC nanoparticles in this study might have the potential to be considered as delivery system for erlotinib.

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The return of a forgotten polymer—Polycaprolactone in the 21st century

Cited by 3,272 publications

References 192 publications

High-pressure rheological analysis of CO2-induced melting point depression and viscosity reduction of poly(ε-caprolactone)

High-pressure rheological analysis of CO2-induced melting point depression and viscosity reduction of poly(ε-caprolactone)

Nanocarriers for optimizing the balance between interfollicular permeation and follicular uptake of topically applied clobetasol to minimize adverse effects

Synthesis, Characterization and in vitro Anti-Tumoral Evaluation of Erlotinib-PCEC Nanoparticles

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