The Resurgence of the Tobacco Pipe in the Gulf Region

Hajat, Cother

doi:10.4172/2375-4273.1000181

Cited by 1 publication

(4 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…[3,5,8,27] Dokha's appeal is in its quick delivery of nicotine and the associated sensations, its lack of odor and novelty. [4,28] Additionally, the lower price of dokha compared to cigarettes makes this form of tobacco particularly appealing to young people.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dokha tobacco is reported to originate in the Arabian Gulf region and was smoked by Emirati sailors. [3,4] Dokha is grown throughout the region; most of the manufacturing and distribution centers of the tobacco are based in the UAE. [5,6] Dokha tobacco, unlike cigarette tobacco, is typically sun cured and is available in three "grades"; "cool", "warm" and "hot".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there is an acute "buzz" sensation described by users that differs by the "variety" of the tobacco. [3][4][5] The buzzing sensation can last for a few minutes after smoking with the more premium varieties producing a more lasting buzz.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11] It has been reported in previous studies that dokha consists of tobacco mixed with additional herbs, spices and other plants, but there have been no con rmatory studies published to date. [4][5][6] One recent analysis of dokha samples found levels of nitrogen and trace heavy metals that exceed ranges reported for cigarettes, suggesting that dokha tobacco may have serious health effects. [12] While there have been studies on microbial growth in samples of cigarette tobacco, no such studies have been conducted on dokha tobacco.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of dokha tobacco species and microbial communities using DNA barcoding

Leinberger-Jabari

Walwyn-Pollard

Subramanian

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Little is known about dokha tobacco, an emerging alternative tobacco product that is quickly gaining popularity in the Arabian Gulf, Middle East, and Europe. Dokha is a loose tobacco sold in small jars and is smoked in a small pipe called a “midwakh”. The aim of this study was to analyze the biological components of dokha samples using DNA barcoding, sequencing, and microbial assays. Fifteen dokha samples were collected from retail locations in the UAE and US. DNA was extracted from samples and analyzed using both DNA barcoding and whole genome sequencing. DNA barcoding was achieved by PCR amplification using rbcL primer sets. BLAST and BOLD plant libraries were used for sample identification. Whole genome sequence analysis was completed using the OneCodex taxonomic classification tool. DNA extraction yielded a range of 0.5 – 4ng/ul from 100mg tobacco samples. All samples were identified within the genus Nicotiana and had hits on various species. There were no hits on other plant species. Whole genome sequencing showed bacterial colonization on a number of the samples. Bacterial species included novel strains of Clostridium (C105KSO15, C105KSO14, and C105KSO14), Campylobacter, and Streptococcus. Analysis of these samples revealed that dokha tobacco consists of pure Nicotiana tobacco leaf, and is not mixed with other substances. Further microbial communities exist in much the same pattern as other commercial tobacco products, which suggests this is a harmful tobacco product.

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