The resurgence of Shamonda virus, an African Simbu group virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus, in Japan

Yanase, Tohru; Maeda, Kaoru; Kato, Tomoko; Nyuta, S.; Kamata, Hiroshi; Yamakawa, Makoto; Tsuda, Toshitaka

doi:10.1007/s00705-004-0419-3

Cited by 46 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results may reflect a lower seroprevalence in goats in general. Given that goats, in contrast to cattle and sheep, are often housed indoors, and the SBV is supposedly transmitted by Culicoides vectors, like other viruses of the Simbu serogroup [2,13,14], this lower seroprevalence would not be surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies against Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundAt the end of 2011, a new orthobunyavirus, tentatively named Schmallenberg virus (SBV), was discovered in Germany. This virus has since been associated with clinical signs of decreased milk production, watery diarrhoea and fever in dairy cows, and subsequently also with congenital malformations in calves, lambs and goat kids. In affected countries, initial surveillance for the infection was based on examination of malformed progeny. These suspicions were followed up by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) on brain tissue. For epidemiological purposes, a serological assay was, however, needed.ResultsA virus neutralisation test (VNT) was developed and optimized, and subsequently evaluated. This VNT has a specificity of >99% and the sensitivity is likely also very close to 100%. The assay is highly repeatable and reproducible. The final assay was used to test for antibodies in cows, ewes and does from herds known to be infected or suspected to be so. Targets for sampling in these herds were the mothers of malformed offspring. In herds with an RT-PCR confirmed SBV infection, more than 94% (190 out of 201) of the ewes and 99% (145 out of 146) of the cows were seropositive. In herds with suspicion of SBV infection based on birth of malformed offspring only (no or negative RT-PCR), more than 90% (231 out of 255) of the ewes and 95% (795 out of 834) of the cows were seropositive. In goats, on the other hand, only a low number of seropositives was found: overall 36.4%, being 16 out of 44 goats tested.ConclusionsGiven the characteristics of this VNT, it can be used at a relative high throughput for testing of animals for export, surveillance, screening and research purposes, but can also be used as a confirmation test for commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA’s) and for (relative) quantification of antibodies.Suspicions of SBV infections that were confirmed by RT-PCR were almost always confirmed by serology in cows. Due to individual registration and identification of cows and calves, affected offspring could almost always be traced back to the mother. Ewes on the other hand were not always the mothers of affected lambs, but were in many cases herd mates with unaffected lambs. This indicated a high within-herd seroprevalence of antibodies against SBV.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies against Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The most similar sequences were from a Shamonda virus detected in cattle in Japan (S segment; INSDC accession no. AB183278; 97% identity) ( 2 ), an Aino virus discovered in cattle in Japan (M segment; accession no. AB542971; 71% identity) ( 3 ), and an Akabane virus found in cattle in Japan (L segment; accession no.…”

Section: The Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Orthobunyavirus in Cattle, Europe, 2011

Hoffmann¹,

Scheuch²,

Höper³

et al. 2012

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

588

670

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Recent phylogenetic analyses have demonstrated that SBV is most closely related to viruses of the species Sathuperi virus and is not a reassortant with other species of the Simbu serogroup [1], [3]. Viruses of this serogroup, including Akabane (AKAV) and Aino virus, have previously been isolated from pools of livestock associated Culicoides biting midges in Japan where the vector most clearly implicated is Culicoides oxystoma [4], [5], [6]. Vector competence studies for these arboviruses are most complete for AKAV, particularly in Australia where the role of Culicoides brevitarsis in transmitting and spreading the virus has been characterized in detail [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicating Culicoides Biting Midges as Vectors of Schmallenberg Virus Using Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe recent unprecedented emergence of arboviruses transmitted by Culicoides biting midges in northern Europe has necessitated the development of techniques to differentiate competent vector species. At present these techniques are entirely reliant upon interpretation of semi-quantitative RT-PCR (sqPCR) data in the form of Cq values used to infer the presence of viral RNA in samples.Methodology/Principal FindingsThis study investigates the advantages and limitations of sqPCR in this role by comparing infection and dissemination rates of Schmallenberg virus (SBV) in two colony lines of Culicoides. Through the use of these behaviorally malleable lines we provide tools for demarcating arbovirus infection and dissemination rates in Culicoides which to date have prevented clear implication of primary vector species in northern Europe. The study demonstrates biological transmission of SBV in an arthropod vector, supporting the conclusions from field-caught Culicoides and provides a general framework for future assessment of vector competence of Culicoides for arboviruses using sqPCR.Conclusions/SignificanceWhen adopting novel diagnostic technologies, correctly implicating vectors of arboviral pathogens requires a coherent laboratory framework to fully understand the implications of results produced in the field. This study illustrates these difficulties and provides a full examination of sqPCR in this role for the Culicoides-arbovirus system.

show abstract

The resurgence of Shamonda virus, an African Simbu group virus of the genus Orthobunyavirus, in Japan

Cited by 46 publications

References 16 publications

Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies against Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds

Development of a virus neutralisation test to detect antibodies against Schmallenberg virus and serological results in suspect and infected herds

Novel Orthobunyavirus in Cattle, Europe, 2011

Implicating Culicoides Biting Midges as Vectors of Schmallenberg Virus Using Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About