The resurgence of haploids in higher plants

Forster, B. P.; Heberle‐Bors, Erwin; Kasha, K. J.; Touraev, Alisher

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2007.06.007

Cited by 328 publications

(243 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Spontaneous or chemical doubling of haploid embryos generates fertile diploid plants that are homozygous at all loci, so called doubled‐haploid plants. The ability to obtain a fully homozygous plant in a single generation is routinely exploited in plant breeding programs, where doubled‐haploid plants are used to produce homozygous parent lines for F 1 hybrid seed production, to accelerate backcross conversion and to develop genetic marker maps (reviewed in Dwivedi et al., 2015; Forster, Heberle‐Bors, Kasha, & Touraev, 2007; Germanà, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis

2017

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Somatic embryogenesis is a form of induced plant cell totipotency where embryos develop from somatic or vegetative cells in the absence of fertilization. Somatic embryogenesis can be induced in vitro by exposing explants to stress or growth regulator treatments. Molecular genetics studies have also shown that ectopic expression of specific embryo‐ and meristem‐expressed transcription factors or loss of certain chromatin‐modifying proteins induces spontaneous somatic embryogenesis. We begin this review with a general description of the major developmental events that define plant somatic embryogenesis and then focus on the transcriptional regulation of this process in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (arabidopsis). We describe the different somatic embryogenesis systems developed for arabidopsis and discuss the roles of transcription factors and chromatin modifications in this process. We describe how these somatic embryogenesis factors are interconnected and how their pathways converge at the level of hormones. Furthermore, the similarities between the developmental pathways in hormone‐ and transcription‐factor‐induced tissue culture systems are reviewed in the light of our recent findings on the somatic embryo‐inducing transcription factor BABY BOOM.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A transcriptional view on somatic embryogenesis

2017

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“…Indeed, it is thought that the most flowering plant species have one or several rounds of polyploidisation in their ancestry (1,2). This adaptability to ploidy change has led to a number of plant research disciplines that analyze ploidy changes, including taxonomy [ploidy series (3)], plant development [endopolyploidy (4)], and plant breeding/genetics [doubled haploidy (5)(6)(7)(8)]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient high‐throughput flow cytometric method for estimating DNA ploidy level in plants

Cousin¹,

Heel

Cowling

et al. 2009

Cytometry Pt A

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We present an efficient high-throughput flow cytometric method that builds on previously published methods and permits rapid ploidy discrimination in plants. By using Brassica napus L. microspore-derived plants as an example, we describe how 192 leaf tissue samples may be processed and analyzed comfortably by one operator in 6 h from tissue sampling to ploidy determination. The technique involves placing young leaf samples in two 96-well racks, using a bead-beating procedure to release nuclei into a lysis solution, filtering the samples on 96-well filter plates, staining with propidium iodide, and then rapidly estimating DNA ploidy using a plate loader on a BD FACSCanto II flow cytometer. Throughout the sample preparation process, multichannel pipetting allows faster and less error-prone sample handling. In two 96-well plates of samples, the histogram peaks of DNA content from flow cytometry were wellresolved in 189 of 192 samples tested (98.4%), with CV values ranging from 2.98% to 6.20% with an average CV of 4.35% (SD 5 0.68%). This new method is useful in doubled haploid plant breeding programs where early discrimination of haploid and doubled haploid (i.e., diploid) plantlets can confer significantly improved operational efficiencies. We discuss how this method could be further refined including adapting the method to robotic sample processing. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the predominant method for measuring nuclear DNA content (9). FCM involves staining cells with a DNA-specific fluorescent dye and separating the cells into single file within the liquid core stream of a flow chamber, in which they are intercepted by a high-intensity light source or laser focused on a small region known as the observation point. The laser excites the fluorescent dye that is bound to the DNA from which light scatters and fluorescence emissions are measured (10). FCM of plant cells is made difficult by structural irregularities (e.g., interlinked cells of irregular shape and rigid cell walls) typical of plant tissues. Furthermore, plant cells are frequently larger than the orifices in the flow chamber (50-100 lm diameter) of most flow cytometers (11-13). These problems associated with large and irregular cells may be overcome by isolating the nuclei that are smaller and more regularly shaped (13). In early protocols, nuclear suspensions were prepared from plant single-cell suspensions (protoplasts) using enzymes to digest cell wall materials.

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“…The obtained DHs are homozygous at all loci. These homozygous or pure lines can represent a new variety or parental inbred line for the production of hybrid varieties in selfpollinated crops and cross-pollinated crops respectively (Murovec and Bohanec, 2012;Forster et al, 2007).…”

Section: Issn: 2319-7706 Volume 7 Number 07 (2018)mentioning

confidence: 99%