The resurgence of Avian influenza and human infection: A brief outlook

Farahat, Ramadan Abdelmoez; Khan, Sheharyar Hassan; Rabaan, Ali A.; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.

doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101122

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 3 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…An example of this is the avian flu, first detected in domestic animals before spreading to wild birds (WHO 2014 ) and now infecting a wide variety of species in the wild that reinfect domestic animals. The 2022 bird flu epidemic resulted in 40 million culled animals at a cost of more than US \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document} ${\$}$\end{document} 2.5 billion just in the United States (Fahrarat et al 2023 ), and it resulted in 868 reported human infections worldwide, of which 457 were deadly (Parums 2023 ). Some examples of increased exposure to pathogens as a result of human encroachment of natural habitats are shown in table 2 .…”

Section: Impact Of Biodiversity Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses in a changing world

García-Moreno

2023

BioScience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Animals are continuously exposed to pathogens but rarely get infected, because pathogens must overcome barriers to establish successful infections. Ongoing planetary changes affect factors relevant for such infections, such as pathogen pressure and pathogen exposure. The replacement of wildlife with domestic animals shrinks the original host reservoirs, whereas expanding agricultural frontiers lead to increased contact between natural and altered ecosystems, increasing pathogen exposure and reducing the area where the original hosts can live. Climate change alters species’ distributions and phenology, pathogens included, resulting in exposure to pathogens that have colonized or recolonized new areas. Globalization leads to unwilling movement of and exposure to pathogens. Because people and domestic animals are overdominant planetwide, there is increased selective pressure for pathogens to infect them. Nature conservation measures can slow down but not fully prevent spillovers. Additional and enhanced surveillance methods in potential spillover hotspots should improve early detection and allow swifter responses to emerging outbreaks.

show abstract

Section: Impact Of Biodiversity Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Zoonoses in a changing world

García-Moreno

2023

BioScience

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fifth, cultured meat has some advantages regarding public health (Halabowski and Rzymski, 2020;Rzymski et al, 2021). These include (i) a decrease in antibiotic use and the contribution of meat production to antibiotic resistance, which is recognized as one of the major human health threats (Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators, 2022), (ii) better control over bacterial and fungal contamination of the final product, (iii) elimination of macroparasite presence, e.g., Taenia sp., Trichinella spp., in meat, and (iv) unpredictable emergence and spread of animal viruses, such as African Swine Fever virus or avian influenza viruses that can cause substantial economic damage (Rzymski et al, 2021;Ruiz-Saenz et al, 2022;Farahat et al, 2023). In addition, avian influenza is also a potential threat to human health.…”

Section: Potential Benefits Of Cultured Meatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, 187 events of HPAI A/ H5N1 were detected in captive birds and 3,573 in wild birds (European Food Safety Authority, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, European Union Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza et al, 2022). The A/H5N1 epidemic continues to cause significant impacts also in both Americas, resulting in 40 million animal losses in the United States in 2022 alone, with economic costs estimated in the range of 2.5-3.0 billion USD (Farahat et al, 2023) et al, 2023). One should note that when an A/H5N1 outbreak occurs in poultry, the affected flock is subjected to depopulation, often requiring the culling of healthy birds to prevent further viral spread.…”

Section: A Threat Of Avian Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian influenza outbreaks in domestic cats: another reason to consider slaughter-free cell-cultured poultry?

Rzymski

2023

Front. Microbiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Avian influenza causes substantial economic loss in the poultry industry and potentially threatens human health. Over recent years, the highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus has led to devastating losses in poultry flocks and wild birds. At the same time, the number of mammalian species identified to be infected with A/H5N1 is increasing, with recent outbreaks in domestic cats, including household individuals, evidenced in July 2023 in Poland, ultimately creating opportunities for the virus to adapt better to mammalian hosts, including humans. Overall, between 2003 and 2023, over 10 outbreaks in felids have been documented globally, and in six of them, feed based on raw chicken was suspected as a potential source of A/H5N1, fuelling a debate on threats posed by A/H5N1 and methods to decrease the associated risks. This article debates that technology allowing the production of slaughter-free meat, including poultry, from cell and tissue cultures could be considered as a part of a mitigation strategy to decrease the overall burden and threat of adaptation of avian influenza viruses to human hosts. By shifting poultry production to the cultured meat industry, the frequency of A/H5N1 outbreaks in farmed birds may be decreased, leading to a reduced risk of virus acquisition by wild and domesticated mammals that have direct contact with birds or eat raw poultry and have close contact with human (including domestic cats), ultimately minimizing the potential of A/H5N1 to adapt better to mammalian host, including humans. This adds to the list of other benefits of cultured meat that are also reviewed in this paper, including decreased antibiotic use, risk of microbial contamination and parasite transmission, and environmental and ethical advantages over conventional slaughtered meat. In conclusion, further development and implementation of this technology, also in the context of poultry production, is strongly advocated. Although cultured poultry is unlikely to replace the conventional process in the near future due to challenges with scaling up the production and meeting the continuously increased demand for poultry meat, it may still decrease the pressures and threats related to the transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza in selected world regions.

show abstract

“…In 2022, a total of 67 countries reported HPAI outbreaks, resulting in the deaths of 131 million poultry and wild birds [7, 8]. In the U.S., the ongoing 2022-2023 HPAI H5N1 outbreak has resulted in the loss of over 60 million birds and $3 billion dollars in economic damages [1, 9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphologic characterization and cytokine response of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells to infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus

Mo,

Segovia,

Chrzastek

et al. 2024

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, which are key components of the immune system and involved in the early immune response. DCs are specialized in capturing, processing, and presenting antigens to facilitate immune interactions. Chickens infected with avian influenza virus (AIV) demonstrate a wide range of clinical symptoms, based on pathogenicity of the virus. Low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses typically induce mild clinical signs, whereas high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) induce more severe disease, which can lead to death within days. For this study, chicken bone marrow-derived DC (ckBM-DC)s were produced and infected with high and low pathogenic avian influenza viruses of H5N2 or H7N3 subtypes to characterize innate immune responses, study effect on cell morphology, and evaluate virus replication. A strong proinflammatory response, including chicken interleukin-1β, and stimulation of the interferon response pathway were observed at 8 hours post infection. Microscopically, the DCs underwent morphological changes from classic elongated dendrites to a more general rounded shape that eventually lead to cell death with the presence of scattered cellular debris. Differences in onset of morphologic changes were observed between H5 and H7 subtypes. Increases in viral titers demonstrated that both HPAI and LPAI are capable of infecting and replicating in DCs. The elevated expression of infected DCs may be indicative with a dysregulation of the immune response typically seen with HPAI infections.

show abstract

The resurgence of Avian influenza and human infection: A brief outlook

Cited by 9 publications

References 3 publications

Zoonoses in a changing world

Zoonoses in a changing world

Avian influenza outbreaks in domestic cats: another reason to consider slaughter-free cell-cultured poultry?

Morphologic characterization and cytokine response of chicken bone-marrow derived dendritic cells to infection with high and low pathogenic avian influenza virus

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About