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The extension of winter bread wheat areas in Western Siberia is accompanied by the introduction of new varieties, the adaptive properties of which require careful evaluation. The purpose of the current work was to characterize the numbers of the Competitive Variety Testing (CVT) according to the parameters of ecological adaptability and stability. The objects of research through the years of 2016–2020 were 12 winter bread wheat samples from the CVT laboratory for winter grain crop breeding of the FSBSI “Omsk Agricultural Research Center”. The highest values of the linear regression coefficient were identified in the lines ‘22/16’, ‘24/16’, the varieties ‘Yubileinaya 180’, ‘Omskaya 4’ (bi = 1.15–1.19). The varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘38/17’, ‘47/16’, ‘42/18’ (bi = 0.81–89) reacted weaker to environmental changes. The lines ‘25/16’, ‘26/16’ and ‘43/18’ (bi = 1.01–1.02) had adaptability close to a unit. The most stable productivity was identified in the line ‘24/16’ (S2 d = 0.01). The similar productivity was provided by the variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’ and the lines ‘47/16’, ‘43/18’ (S2 d = 0.05–0.10). Among the less stable varieties were ‘Omskaya 4’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘22/16’, ‘26/16’, ‘38/17’ (S2 d = 0.30–0.48). The variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’, the lines ‘38/17’, 43/18’ (V = 22.8–23.8%) had a relatively lower productivity variability. The line ‘43/18’ (5.70 t/ha) was the best in productivity. The varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’ (5.29 t/ha), ‘Yubileinaya 180’ (5.19 t/ha), the lines ‘38/17’ (5.18 t/ha), ‘47/16’ (5.01 t/ha), the variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’ (4.85 t/ha) also had a significant excess over the standard variety ‘Omskaya 4’ (4.24 t/ha). In general, the estimation of the productivity adaptability has shown that the best numbers according to this trait are characterized by different reactions to growing conditions. The most productive line ‘43/18’ is adaptable. The variety ‘Yubileynaya 180’ is of intensive type. The response to environmental changes of the varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘38/17’, ‘47/16’ was weak.
The extension of winter bread wheat areas in Western Siberia is accompanied by the introduction of new varieties, the adaptive properties of which require careful evaluation. The purpose of the current work was to characterize the numbers of the Competitive Variety Testing (CVT) according to the parameters of ecological adaptability and stability. The objects of research through the years of 2016–2020 were 12 winter bread wheat samples from the CVT laboratory for winter grain crop breeding of the FSBSI “Omsk Agricultural Research Center”. The highest values of the linear regression coefficient were identified in the lines ‘22/16’, ‘24/16’, the varieties ‘Yubileinaya 180’, ‘Omskaya 4’ (bi = 1.15–1.19). The varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘38/17’, ‘47/16’, ‘42/18’ (bi = 0.81–89) reacted weaker to environmental changes. The lines ‘25/16’, ‘26/16’ and ‘43/18’ (bi = 1.01–1.02) had adaptability close to a unit. The most stable productivity was identified in the line ‘24/16’ (S2 d = 0.01). The similar productivity was provided by the variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’ and the lines ‘47/16’, ‘43/18’ (S2 d = 0.05–0.10). Among the less stable varieties were ‘Omskaya 4’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘22/16’, ‘26/16’, ‘38/17’ (S2 d = 0.30–0.48). The variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’, the lines ‘38/17’, 43/18’ (V = 22.8–23.8%) had a relatively lower productivity variability. The line ‘43/18’ (5.70 t/ha) was the best in productivity. The varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’ (5.29 t/ha), ‘Yubileinaya 180’ (5.19 t/ha), the lines ‘38/17’ (5.18 t/ha), ‘47/16’ (5.01 t/ha), the variety ‘Priirtyshskaya’ (4.85 t/ha) also had a significant excess over the standard variety ‘Omskaya 4’ (4.24 t/ha). In general, the estimation of the productivity adaptability has shown that the best numbers according to this trait are characterized by different reactions to growing conditions. The most productive line ‘43/18’ is adaptable. The variety ‘Yubileynaya 180’ is of intensive type. The response to environmental changes of the varieties ‘Priirtyshskaya’, ‘Priirtyshskaya 2’, the lines ‘38/17’, ‘47/16’ was weak.
The researchers conduct the field stationary experiment with the use of mineral fertilizers and straw in the grain and steam crop rotation with the withdrawal field of alfalfa and study the number of microflora in the rhizosphere of winter wheat of the new variety Priirtyshskaya after treatment of seeds with biospecimen of complex effect - risoagrine. The highest number of useful crop groups of microorganisms was observed in the variant with inoculation of crop seeds by risoagrine on the basis of applying mineral fertilizers, as well as in combination of inoculation techniques, application of mineral fertilizers and straw (N15P23 + straw + inoculation), respectively, 444 and 355 million UU/yr with 217 million UU/yr in the control group. In the variant with inoculation of winter wheat seeds by mineral fertilizers (N15P23 + inoculation), the number ofoligonitrophils and bacteria, mineralizing mineral phosphates, increased by 2.2 times, nitrifiers - by 60%, microorganisms that utilize organic nitrogen compounds on MPA - by 39, consuming mineral nitrogen on CAA - by 73% compared to the control group. The celluloseolytic soil activity under winter wheat sowing in variants N15P23 + inoculation and N15P23 + straw + inoculation increased to 66.5-67.0%, exceeded the control group by 1.7 times. The highest increase in the crop’s grains was observed in the combination of mineral, organic (straw) and bacterial (rizoagrine) fertilizers - 40.3% in comparison with the control group. Additional nitrogen removal by winter wheat crop due to the activity of associative diazotrophs varied from 6 to 16.5 kg/ha. Correlative relations of high (r=0.84-0.91) and average (r=0.62-0.72) degree of microorganisms in the rhizosphere were observed among the indicators of crop yield and number of microorganisms. The closest correlation took place between the value of winter wheat grain yield and the number of bacteria growing on MPA, including ammonifiers, and the yield and number of nitrifying bacteria.
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