The results of studies on the extension of methodological capabilities of determining physico-chemical conditions of lead-based liquid-metal coolants

Salaev, gey Valentinovich; Askhadullin, R.Sh.; Ivanov, K.D.; Legkikh, A.Yu.; Niyazov, Said-Ali Sabirovich

doi:10.26583/npe.2020.1.10

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…To increase the informativeness of the control of corrosion and slag accumulation processes based on the data of the oxygen activity sensors, Ivanov and Salaev have analyzed the relationship between the kind of temperature dependences of oxygen activity and the content of chemically active impurities in the coolant [ 66 , 67 ]. The deviation from the linear form of the dependence of the readings of the oxygen activity sensor on the temperature of the coolant takes place as a result of a change in the physico-chemical state of the coolant associated with the appearance of impurities in it.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors for Controlling Oxygen Content and Corrosion Processes in Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Coolant—State of the Art

Orlov

Bogachev

Mereshchenko

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Controlling oxygen content in the primary circuit of nuclear reactors is one of the key tasks needed to ensure the safe operation of nuclear power plants where lead-bismuth eutectic alloy (LBE) is used as a coolant. If the oxygen concentration is low, active corrosion of structural materials takes place; upon increase in oxygen content, slag accumulates due to the formation of lead oxide. The generally accepted method of measuring the oxygen content in LBE is currently potentiometry. The sensors for measuring oxygen activity (electrochemical oxygen sensors) are galvanic cells with two electrodes (lead-bismuth coolant serves as working electrode) separated by a solid electrolyte. Control of corrosion and slag accumulation processes in circuits exploring LBE as a coolant is also based on data obtained by electrochemical oxygen sensors. The disadvantages of this approach are the low efficiency and low sensitivity of control. The alternative, Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) Sensors, are proposed for Real-Time Corrosion Monitoring in LBE system. Currently their applicability in static LBE at temperatures up to 600 °C is shown.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Sensors for Controlling Oxygen Content and Corrosion Processes in Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Coolant—State of the Art

Orlov

Bogachev

Mereshchenko

et al. 2023

Sensors

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“…The authors happened to deal with studies in chemistry of lead-containing coolants, in which experiments were conducted in lead-bismuth eutectic and, believing its properties to be close to those of lead, the obtained results are generalized for both coolants (Askhadullin et al 2011, Salayev et al 2020. No reliable data were found as to if such generalization was comprehensively admissible, so, taking into account that there was no sufficient information on oxidation of lead and bismuth in air (Belousova et al 2004) and there was no data on comparative oxidation of lead-containing coolants, a decision was made to study the regularities involved in comparative oxidation of lead-containing coolants.…”

Section: Experimental Studies Into the Processes Of Lead-containing C...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of regularities in the accumulation of hydrogen-reduced slags in circulation circuits with lead-containing coolants

Ulyanov¹,

Koshelev²,

Kremlyova³

et al. 2021

NUCET

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The paper presents a computational analysis of regularities in the accumulation of slags during the interaction of lead and lead-bismuth coolants with oxygen gas. Oxidation of lead-containing coolants will cause the formation of lead oxide, while the formation of bismuth oxide is unlikely. Dosed supply of oxidizing gas to lead-containing coolants makes it possible to oxidize, selectively, chromium and nickel to their oxides without the slag formation from solid lead oxide. Regularities were studied which are involved in the lead oxide formation during the interaction of lead-containing coolants with oxygen gas. It has been found that, in the process of interacting with oxygen gas, a lead-bismuth alloy is oxidized 1.7 times as intensively as lead, this being explained by the presence of bismuth in the alloy. Bismuth is oxidized more intensively than both lead and the lead-bismuth alloy. The inert gas overpressure during depressurization does not prevent air oxygen from entering the circuit, and the dependence of the nitrogen and oxygen flow into the circuit on the argon flow out of the loop is close to linear regardless of the circuit state (cold, without coolant; heated, without coolant; heated, with circulating coolant). Oxygen is a chemically active impurity and is absorbed by the circuit; it is therefore important to control nitrogen in the gas spaces of the reactor and research plant circuits with lead-containing coolants. This will make it possible to signal, in a timely manner, the ingress of oxygen into the circuit and to take measures required to avoid or reduce the scale of the slag formation from lead oxides.

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The results of studies on the extension of methodological capabilities of determining physico-chemical conditions of lead-based liquid-metal coolants

Abstract: The results of studies on the extension of methodological capabilities of determining physico-chemical conditions of lead-based liquid-metal coolants. Nuclear Energy and Technology 6(2): 71-75.

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

Electrochemical Sensors for Controlling Oxygen Content and Corrosion Processes in Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Coolant—State of the Art

Electrochemical Sensors for Controlling Oxygen Content and Corrosion Processes in Lead-Bismuth Eutectic Coolant—State of the Art

Investigations of regularities in the accumulation of hydrogen-reduced slags in circulation circuits with lead-containing coolants

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