The Results of in vivo Endodontic Chemomechanical Instrumentation — A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

McComb, Dorothy; Smith, Dennis C.; Beagrie, G. S.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2591.1976.tb01231.x

Cited by 81 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…It kills bacteria rapidly even at low concentrations, 15 however, it has been criticized for its unpleasant taste, relative toxicity, and its inability to remove smear layer. 16,17 EDTA is an effective chelating agent, which is widely used in endodontic preparation for smear layer removal. 18 Therefore, alternating the irrigation regimen of NaOCl and EDTA has been recommended to be a more efficient protocol than NaOCl alone, in reducing the bacterial load in the root canal system.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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Objective: The Er:YAG laser with photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) technique was reported to be effective in root canal disinfection. This study attempted to further investigate the antibacterial efficacy and smear layer removal ability of PIPS in comparison with conventional syringe irrigation in vitro. Methods: For antibacterial analysis, 48 single-rooted human teeth were prepared and inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and then divided into six groups of eight roots each. The colony-forming units (CFUs) per milliliter were determined after infection as the baseline. Then, the teeth were subjected to either PIPS plus 3% sodium hypochlorite (PIPS + NaOCl) or conventional syringe irrigation with 0.9% saline, 3% NaOCl, 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), or 3% NaOCl alternating with 17% EDTA. The reduction of CFUs in the individual group was determined. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of the canal walls for E. faecalis colonization was performed. For comparing the smear removal efficacy, another 48 single-rooted teeth, assigned to different groups as mentioned, were irrigated after mechanical instrumentation. The presence of a smear layer at different levels of the root canal was scored by SEM examination. Results: No significant differences were found in CFU reduction. No bacteria could be observed by SEM in the NaOCl, NaOCl + EDTA, and PIPS + NaOCl groups. The scores of smear layer of the NaOCl + EDTA and PIPS + NaOCl groups were significantly lower than those of the other groups in the coronal and middle third of the root canal. None of the methods can effectively remove smear layer in the apical third. Conclusions: PIPS system supplied with NaOCl and conventional syringe irrigation with NaOCl + EDTA are comparable in their ability to remove E. faecalis and smear layer in single-rooted canals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Zhu

Yin²,

Chang

et al. 2013

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

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“…t seems very likely that necrotic debris and microorganisms cannot be completely eliminated from the prepared root canal (5)(6)(7). If the canal space is not sealed adequately then micro-organisms themselves, or their toxins, can cause inflammation in the periapical tissues (8).…”

Section: Apical Leakage As a Cause Of Failurementioning

confidence: 99%

Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root‐canal therapy: a review

Saunders

1994

Dental Traumatology

437

277

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“…The success varies according to used techniques [5,[30][31][32][33]. Discovery of the smear layer by Mc Comb and Smith [2] clarified the interaction between the root canal instruments and the inner dentinal walls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cleaning efficiency of the root canal after different instrumentation technique and irrigation protocol: A SEM analysis

Koçani¹

2012

OJST

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Aim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual and ultrasonic instrumentation with varying irrigation protocols on removal of the smear layer from root canal walls. Methods: Forty extracted single rooted human teeth stored in 0.5% saline were used. Periodontal soft tissues were removed followed by crown separation at the CEJ. All the teeth were randomly divided into two groups. Manually Instrumented Group 1 was irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA alternately, same as Ultrasonically Instrumented Group 2. The controls for both groups were irrigated with saline solution. Results: Ultrasonic instrumentation and the combined use of two different solutions (5.25% NaOCl and 17% EDTA) yielded better results on smear removal. Conclusions: Irrigation with 17% EDTA followed by 5.25% NaOCl was successful in complete removal of smear layer on cervical and middle thirds of the root canals. Ultrasonic instrumentation was slightly more successful on the apical one third of the root canals.

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The Results of in vivo Endodontic Chemomechanical Instrumentation — A Scanning Electron Microscopic Study

Cited by 81 publications

References 8 publications

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Comparison of the Antibacterial Effect and Smear Layer Removal Using Photon-Initiated Photoacoustic Streaming Aided Irrigation Versus a Conventional Irrigation in Single-Rooted Canals: AnIn VitroStudy

Coronal leakage as a cause of failure in root‐canal therapy: a review

The cleaning efficiency of the root canal after different instrumentation technique and irrigation protocol: A SEM analysis

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