The Responses to Pharmacological Challenges and Experimental Pain in Patients With Chronic Whiplash-Associated Pain

Abstract

The pharmacological challenges identified subgroups of patients with chronic whiplash-associated disorder that might be considered before instituting therapeutic interventions or research. However, the pattern of responses to the pharmacological challenges did not show any clear relationships with pain duration or the experimental pain tests.

Human Experimental Pain Models for Assessing the Therapeutic Efficacy of Analgesic Drugs

“…The pain intensity during experimental muscle pain evoked by intramuscular hypertonic saline was also recorded. Ketamine showed no significant differences in any of the variables (Lemming et al, 2005).…”

“…Lemming et al (2005) 0.3 mg/kg i.v. Pressure pain stimulation at tender points and control points in 11 patients with fibromyalgia.…”

“…The analgesic responses to intravenous administration of ketamine were also evaluated in patients with chronic whiplash-associated pain (Lemming et al, 2005). Experimental pain in response to pressure and electrical stimulation was assessed.…”

“…Pressure pain threshold and pain tolerance increased significantly after morphine administration (0.3 mg/kg) in patients characterized as responders (Sö-rensen et al, 1997). The analgesic responses to intravenous administration of morphine were also evaluated in patients with chronic whiplash-associated pain (Lemming et al, 2005). Experimental pain assessments were performed on the lower legs, but there was no effect on pressure pain thresholds, intramuscular and cutaneous electrical stimulations, and intramuscular hypertonic saline.…”

“…Experimental pain assessments were performed on the lower legs, but there was no effect on pressure pain thresholds, intramuscular and cutaneous electrical stimulations, and intramuscular hypertonic saline. (Lemming et al, 2005).…”