The responses of the cabbage seed weevil <i>Ceutorhynchus assimilis</i> to volatile compounds from oilseed rape in a linear track olfactometer

Bartlet, E.; Blight, Margaret M.; Lane, P. W.; Williams, I. H.

doi:10.1046/j.1570-7458.1997.00256.x

Cited by 65 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In fact, isothiocyanates in particular are known to attract many specialist herbivorous species (reviewed by Wittstock et al 2003) and even to stimulate oviposition (Renwick et al 2006). On the other hand, only a few studies have demonstrated that nitriles attract herbivores, and in general these were less attractive than isothiocyanates (Pivnick et al 1992;Bartlet et al 1997;Smart and Blight 2000;De Vos et al 2008). Whether the preference of P. rapae to oviposit on isothiocyanate-emitting wild-type plants is due to the repellent effect of nitriles or to the stimulating effect of isothiocyanates or both remains to be investigated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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The glucosinolate-myrosinase system, found in plants of the order Brassicales, has long been considered an effective defense system against herbivores. The defensive potential of glucosinolates is mainly due to the products formed after myrosinase-catalyzed hydrolysis upon tissue damage. The most prominent hydrolysis products, the isothiocyanates, are toxic to a wide range of organisms, including herbivorous lepidopterans. In contrast, little is known about the biological activities of alternative hydrolysis products such as simple nitriles and epithionitriles that are formed at the expense of isothiocyanates in the presence of epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). Here, we used transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) plants overexpressing ESP (35S:ESP plants) to investigate the effects of simple nitriles on direct and indirect defense against the specialist cabbage white butterfly Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). In the 35S:ESP plants, glucosinolates are hydrolyzed mainly to simple nitriles upon tissue disruption, while isothiocyanates are the predominant hydrolysis products in Columbia-0 (Col-0) wild-type plants. The parasitoid Cotesia rubecula (Hymenoptera, Braconidae), a specialist on P. rapae larvae, was significantly more attracted to P. rapaeinfested 35S:ESP plants than to P. rapae-infested Col-0 wild-type plants in a wind tunnel setup. Furthermore, female P. rapae butterflies laid more eggs on Col-0 wild-type plants than on 35S:ESP plants when the plants had been damaged previously. However, when given a choice to feed on 35S: ESP or Col-0 plants, caterpillars did not discriminate between the two genotypes. Growth rate and developmental time were not significantly different between caterpillars that were reared on 35S:ESP or Col-0 plants. Thus, the production of simple nitriles instead of isothiocyanates, as catalyzed by ESP, can promote both direct and indirect defense against the specialist herbivore P. rapae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

et al. 2008

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“…The model was reduced by removing non-significant terms and a t-test on the logistic scale (Collet, 1991) was used to test the difference between the percentage of beetles turning towards the floral odour and 50% (the percentage expected when there is no effect on the orientation responses of the beetles). In analyses where the data exhibited overdispersion (where the variance is found to be greater than expected under the binomial assumptions), a heterogeneity factor (see Bartlet et al, 1997) was estimated and used to model this variability in the responses of the pollen beetles. This has the effect of increasing the standard errors associated with the estimated percentage of beetles responding to the floral odours, thus producing wider confidence intervals for these estimates and more conservative tests of treatment effects.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of pollen odour in the attraction of pollen beetles to oilseed rape flowers

Cook

Bartlet

Murray

et al. 2002

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The role of pollen odour in resource location by the pollen beetle, Meligethes aeneus (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae), a pollen-feeding insect regarded as a pest of oilseed rape, Brassica napus L., (Brassicaceae) crops, was investigated in a linear track olfactometer. Both male and female beetles were attracted to the odour of whole oilseed rape flowers, indicating that these insects can locate their host plants using floral odours as cues. The attractive odour of flowers was found to emanate from all floral parts tested: the petals/sepals, the anthers, and from pollen itself. Therefore, at least part of the attractive odour of oilseed rape flowers emanates from pollen. Beetles were more attracted to floral samples containing anthers than those without anthers when these odours were directly compared in a choice-test, and this indicates that there were detectable differences between them. Anthers and pollen may therefore release distinctive odours that are quantitatively and/or qualitatively different from the odour of the rest of the flower. These experiments support the hypothesis that pollen-seeking insects use pollen odour cues to locate this food source.

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“…3) is an important pest of oilseed rape in Europe and North America (Lamb, 1989;Bartlet et al, 1997;Girard et al, 1998;Ferguson et al, 1999b), causing reduction in crop yield in heavily infested fields Girard et al, 1998). The cabbage seed weevil is an oligophagous insect that feeds and develops on Brassica species.…”

Section: The Weevils (Ceutorhynchus Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a response study with cabbage seed weevil antenna to volatiles in air entrainment-derived extracts of oilseed rape, using electroantennograms coupled with GC-single cell recording, it was shown that isothiocyanate perception is mediated by three types of olfactory cells, which show differential response to 3-butenyl, 4-pentenyl and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (Blight et al, 1995). The responses of cabbage seed weevil to other electrophysiologically-active volatiles from rape were tested in a linear track olfactometer (Bartlet et al, 1997). Attraction was shown to nitriles (phenylacetonitrile, 4-pentenenitrile and 5-hexenenitrile) and to volatiles emitted by a wider spectrum of plant families, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and methyl salicylate.…”

Section: Plants (Brassica Spp)-herbivores (Ceutorhynchus Assimilis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

Ahuja

Rohloff

Bones

2010

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

212

165

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-Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties. Insect pests cause enormous yield and economic losses in Brassica crop production every year, and are a threat to global agriculture. In order to overcome these insect pests, Brassica species themselves use multiple defence mechanisms, which can be constitutive, inducible, induced, direct or indirect depending upon the insect or the degree of insect attack. Firstly, we give an overview of different Brassica species with the main focus on cultivated brassicas. Secondly, we describe insect pests that attack brassicas. Thirdly, we address multiple defence mechanisms, with the main focus on phytoalexins, sulphur, glucosinolates, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system and their breakdown products. In order to develop pest control strategies, it is important to study the chemical ecology, and insect behaviour. We review studies on oviposition regulation, multitrophic interactions involving feeding and host selection behaviour of parasitoids and predators of herbivores on brassicas. Regarding oviposition and trophic interactions, we outline insect oviposition behaviour, the importance of chemical stimulation, oviposition-deterring pheromones, glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, nitriles, and phytoalexins and their importance towards pest management. Finally, we review brassicas as cover and trap crops, and as biocontrol, biofumigant and biocidal agents against insects and pathogens. Again, we emphasise glucosinolates, their breakdown products, and plant volatile compounds as key components in these processes, which have been considered beneficial in the past and hold great prospects for the future with respect to an integrated pest management.Brassicas / insect pests / chemical ecology / trophic levels / glucosinolates / isothiocyanates / defence mechanisms / biocontrol / trap crops / integrated pest management

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The responses of the cabbage seed weevil Ceutorhynchus assimilis to volatile compounds from oilseed rape in a linear track olfactometer

Cited by 65 publications

References 18 publications

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

Formation of Simple Nitriles upon Glucosinolate Hydrolysis Affects Direct and Indirect Defense Against the Specialist Herbivore, Pieris rapae

The role of pollen odour in the attraction of pollen beetles to oilseed rape flowers

Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review

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