The responses of cells in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to sinusoidal gratings.

Hicks, T.P.; Lee, B B; Vidyasagar, T. R.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014619

Cited by 212 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Since the four, or two (depending on how the structure is sectioned), dorsal layers of the LGN are parvocellular, and the two ventral layers are magnocellular, the observations of Kruger indicate that magnocellular cells are less responsive to color than are parvocellular neurons. Consistent with this finding, Hicks, Lee, and Vidyasagar (1983) found that, in contrast to parvocellular cells, magnocellular neurons respond poorly to color gratings.…”

supporting

confidence: 64%

“…(The word "should" is noteworthy in this context.) This conclusion was based on the results of Kruger (1979) and Hicks et al (1983). Livingstone and Hubel (1988) particularly emphasized the observation of Kruger (1979) that 75 % of 33 magnocellular cells did not respond to a color border (the stimuli were referred to as "heterochromatic stimuli" and consisted of slits of one color surrounded by another color) at some relative brightness.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On using isoluminant stimuli to separate magno- and parvocellular responses in psychophysical experiments—A few words of caution

Skottun¹

2013

Behav Res

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Isoluminant (or equiluminant) color stimuli (i.e., those that contain variations only in chromaticity) have been employed in attempts to separate magno-and parvocellular responses in psychophysical and noninvasive electrophysiological experiments. The justification for this has been the assumption that magnocellular cells, unlike parvocellular neurons, do not respond to stimuli varying only in hue. However, several problems are associated with this notion: (1) under many conditions, magnocellular neurons are not fully silenced at isoluminance, and (2) in many circumstances, parvocellular responses are substantially reduced at isoluminance. To rely upon isoluminant stimuli to "bias" stimuli toward the parvocellular system also faces obstacles. Therefore, caution is required when attempting to use isoluminant color to separate magno-and parvocellular responses.

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confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On using isoluminant stimuli to separate magno- and parvocellular responses in psychophysical experiments—A few words of caution

Skottun¹

2013

Behav Res

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“…This has proven to be true because the CSF of a macaque monkey that has undergone selective destruction of LGN Magno cells is not significantly different from the CSF measured before the lesion, [31][32] while if the damaged cells belong to the parvocellular pathway, the contrast sensitivity decreases for all frequencies and the CSF changes from bandpass to low-pass shaped (see Figure 6, left). This result seems in apparent contradiction with the high sensitivity found for individual M cells, surpassing even that of most P cells, provided that the spatial frequency is not above 2-3 cpd (Figure 7) 52 . Therefore we must be careful not to identify mistakenly the global properties of a mechanism with those of its individual components, since the properties of the mechanism depend as well on how the responses of the individual components are combined to arrive to the global response.…”

Section: Luminancementioning

confidence: 60%

Spatio-temporal Contrast Sensitivity in the Cardinal Directions of the Colour Space. A Review

Dı́ez-Ajenjo

Capilla

2010

Journal of Optometry

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We review the psychophysics of the spatio-temporal contrast sensitivity in the cardinal directions of the colour space and their correlation with those neural characteristics of the visual system that limit the ability to perform contrast detection or pattern-resolution tasks. We focus our attention particularly on the influence of luminance level, spatial extent and spatial location of the stimuli -factors that determine the characteristics of the physiological mechanisms underlying detection. Optical factors do obviously play a role, but we will refer to them only briefly. Contrast sensitivity measurements are often used in clinical practice as a method to detect, at their early stages, a variety of pathologies affecting the visual system, but their usefulness is very limited due to several reasons. We suggest some considerations about stimuli characteristics that should be taken into account in order to improve the performance of this kind of measurement. RESUMENSe revisa la psicofísica sobre la sensibilidad al contraste con patrones espacio-temporales en las direcciones cardinales del espacio de color y su relación con las características neuronales del sistema visual que limitan la habilidad para realizar una tarea de detección de contraste o de resolución de patrones. La atención se centra especialmente en la influencia del nivel de luminancia, el tamaño y la localización espacial de los estímulos, en la medida que estos son los factores más importantes que determinan las características de los mecanismos fisiológicos que median la detección. Obviamente, los factores ópti-cos también juegan un papel en el conjunto del sistema visual, pero nos referiremos a ellos sólo brevemente. Las medidas de sensibilidad al contraste son a menudo usadas en clínica como método para detectar, en un estado temprano, una amplia variedad de patologías del sistema visual, pero su utilidad en la práctica es bastante limitada por diferentes razones. Sugerimos que ciertas consideraciones sobre los estímulos deberían ser tenidas en cuenta si se quiere mejorar las prestaciones actuales de este tipo de medidas. (J Optom 2010;3:2-19 ©2010 Consejo General de Colegios de Ópticos-Optometristas de España) PALABRAS CLAVE: sensibilidad al contraste; patrones espacio-temporales; espacio de color; direcciones cardinales; caminos visuales. INTRODUCTIONDuring the last three decades, the possibility of early detection of a variety of pathologies affecting the visual system by means of the measurement of spatial and temporal contrast sensitivity functions -CSFs-has been thoroughly explored. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] (Burr D, et al. IOVS 2003;44: ARVO E-Abstract 3193). It has been shown, however, that the usefulness of these functions is rather limited in practice, for several reasons. In the first place, measurements are often limited to the fovea, whilst anatomical damage and functional loss frequently begin outside this region [see, for example, F. Rowe's book 17 ]. In fact, different perimetry technique...

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“…As a result, it could again be concluded that the rapid modulation of the VESPA might preferentially activate that subsystem. However, both parvocellular and magnocellular cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the macaque have been reported to respond best at temporal frequencies in the range of 10-20 Hz (Hicks et al, 1983). More specifically, Derrington and Lennie (1984) found that parvocellular units were most sensitive to stimuli modulated at temporal frequencies close to 10 Hz and magnocellular units to stimuli modulated at frequencies nearer 20 Hz.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the cellular contributions to early visual sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia using the VESPA evoked response

Lalor¹,

Yeap²,

Reilly³

et al. 2008

Schizophrenia Research

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Electrophysiological research has shown clear dysfunction of early visual processing mechanisms in patients with schizophrenia. In particular, the P1 component of the visual evoked potential (VEP) is substantially reduced in amplitude in patients. A novel visual evoked response known as the VESPA (Visual Evoked Spread Spectrum Analysis) was recently described. This response has a notably different scalp topography from that of the traditional VEP, suggesting preferential activation of a distinct subpopulation of cells. As such, this method constitutes a potentially useful candidate for investigating cellular contributions to early visual processing deficits. In this paper we compare the VEP and VESPA responses between a group of healthy control subjects and a group of schizophrenia patients. We also introduce an extension of the VESPA method to incorporate nonlinear processing in the visual system. A significantly reduced P1 component was found in patients using the VEP (with a large effect size; Cohen's d = 1.6), while there was no difference whatsoever in amplitude between groups for either the linear or nonlinear VESPA. This pattern of results points to a highly specific cellular substrate of early visual processing deficits in schizophrenia, suggesting that these deficits are based on dysfunction of magnocellular pathways with parvocellular processing remaining largely intact.

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The responses of cells in macaque lateral geniculate nucleus to sinusoidal gratings.

Cited by 212 publications

References 28 publications

On using isoluminant stimuli to separate magno- and parvocellular responses in psychophysical experiments—A few words of caution

On using isoluminant stimuli to separate magno- and parvocellular responses in psychophysical experiments—A few words of caution

Spatio-temporal Contrast Sensitivity in the Cardinal Directions of the Colour Space. A Review

Dissecting the cellular contributions to early visual sensory processing deficits in schizophrenia using the VESPA evoked response

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