The Responses of Animals Inhaling Nitrogen Dioxide For Single, Short-term Exposures

Carson, Theophilus R.; Rosenholtz, Mitchell S.; Wilinski, Frank T.; Weeks, Maurice H

doi:10.1080/00028896209342900

Cited by 36 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Very high doses of NO 2 cause the death of exposed animals in a few minutes [13,30,31]. In rats, the concentration which kills 50% of exposed animals after a given time of exposure (LC 50 ) is 1,445 ppm NO 2 for 2 min of exposure, 416-833 ppm for 5 min, and 115-168 ppm for 1 h of exposure [30,31].…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Chitano¹,

Hosselet²,

Mapp³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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In the present paper, we have reviewed experimental animal studies on the effects of the two most important oxidant airborne pollutants, nitrogen dioxide and ozone, on the respiratory system.The toxic effects depend on concentration and length of exposure, and are generally similar for both oxidants, with ozone operative at lower concentrations. High doses of both oxidants cause death due to lung oedema Exposure to sublethal levels causes functional alterations such as airflow limitation and airway hyperresponsiveness to bronchoconstrictor stimuli. These effects, which are generally reversible, are associated with epithelial injury, oedema and airway and parenchymal infiltration by inflammatory cells. Loss of cilia of airway epithelium and necrosis of type I alveolar epithelial cells are the most prominent consequences at the epithelial level. Inmation is characterized by early neutrophilic infiltration, followed by an increased number of mononuclear cells, predominantly alveolar macrophages.After long-term exposure, whilst nitrogen dioxide causes predominantly emphysema, ozone produces mainly pulmonary fibrosis. Biochemical effects include lipid peroxidation, increased antioxidant metabolism, and alteration of enzyme activity. Nitrogen dioxide and ozone may also alter the immunological response and reduce the defence against infections, increasing the susceptibility of exposed animals to infections.

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Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rats, the concentration which kills 50% of exposed animals after a given time of exposure (LC 50 ) is 1,445 ppm NO 2 for 2 min of exposure, 416-833 ppm for 5 min, and 115-168 ppm for 1 h of exposure [30,31]. LC 50 for 1 h exposure is 21 ppm O 3 in mice and rats, and 52 ppm O 3 in guinea pigs [32].…”

Section: Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Chitano¹,

Hosselet²,

Mapp³

et al. 1995

Eur Respir J

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show abstract

“…A species-specific sensitivity to NO, inhalation may also exist (Carson et al, 1962). The present study shows that, in sheep, 100 ppm NO, for 15 min caused no appreciable measured physiologic changes or demonstrable pathological lesions within the 24-h postexposure period.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Pathophysiologic Responses of Sheep to Brief High-Level Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure

Januszkiewicz

Snapper

Sturgis

et al. 1992

Inhalation Toxicology

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“…Moreover, regarding experimental animal studies. a size-dependant species sensitivity appears to exist (Carson et al, 1962: Book, 1982 and generally, there is a paucity of information on functional incapacitation following highconcentration NO, in large animal species. Large animal studies of highlevel NO, have largely focused on mortality or pathology.…”

Section: N Z---mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nitrogen dioxide-induced acute lung injury in sheep

Januszkiewicz

Mayorga

1994

Toxicology

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The Responses of Animals Inhaling Nitrogen Dioxide For Single, Short-term Exposures

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Effect of oxidant air pollutants on the respiratory system: insights from experimental animal research

Pathophysiologic Responses of Sheep to Brief High-Level Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure

Nitrogen dioxide-induced acute lung injury in sheep

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