The Response of the Human Skull to Mechanical Vibrations

Franke, Ernst K.

doi:10.21236/ad0061817

Cited by 22 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, the bone vibration at low frequencies may have a greater velocity than that used for the current simulation. It should be noted that a lower wave speed, as suggested by Tonndorf et al (1981) and Franke (1956), would result in greater difference between the low-frequency AC and BC driven BM motion as reported in Fig. 6.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Several studies of the velocity of the bone vibration have indicated different wave speed at the low compared to high frequencies. Both Tonndorf et al (1981) and Franke (1956) indicated lower wave speed at low frequencies. However, Brandt (1989) pointed out that the skull behaves nearly as a rigid body at low frequencies, since the velocity of propagation approaches infinity for low frequencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Model predictions for bone conduction perception in the human

Stenfelt

2016

Hearing Research

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Five different pathways are often suggested as important for bone conducted (BC) sound: (1) sound pressure in the ear canal, (2) inertia of the middle ear ossicles, (3) inertia of the inner ear fluid, (4) compression of the inner ear space, and (5) pressure transmission from the skull interior. The relative importance of these pathways was investigated with an acousticimpedance model of the inner ear. The model incorporated data of BC generated ear canal sound pressure, middle ear ossicle motion, cochlear promontory vibration, and intracranial sound pressure. With BC stimulation at the mastoid, the inner ear inertia dominated the excitation of the cochlea but inner ear compression and middle ear inertia were within 10 dB for almost the entire frequency range of 0.1 to 10 kHz. Ear canal sound pressure gave little contribution at the low and high frequencies, but was around 15 dB below the total contribution at the mid frequencies. Intracranial sound pressure gave responses similar to the others at low frequencies, but decreased with frequency to a level of 55 dB below the total contribution at 10 kHz. When the BC inner ear model was evaluated against AC stimulation at threshold levels, the results were close up to approximately 4 kHz but deviated significantly at higher frequencies. 3 Highlights• A model for BC simulates the contribution from 5 components.• The inner ear compression and inertia and middle ear inertia are most important.• The contribution from intracranial sound pressure is insignificant at higher frequencies.• The model provides similar BM excitation for AC and BC threshold stimulation up to 4 kHz. KeywordsBone conduction, inner ear model, fluid inertia, inner ear compression, middle ear inertia

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Model predictions for bone conduction perception in the human

Stenfelt

2016

Hearing Research

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“…Compared with the experimental results by Stenfelt et al [10], the simulation results have some differences for both the frequency and the magnitude at the resonance frequencies of the mechanical point impedance. In measurements on a dry skull, Franke [3] reported the resonance frequency to be 0.5 kHz when the skull was filled with gel. Håkansson et al [4] found the lowest resonance frequency to be 0.97 kHz as the average of six human skulls in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resonance frequencies of the human skull have been tested on dry skulls [1], [3], [5], [10]. Therefore, a large amount of data could be used to validate the human skull model.…”

Section: Validation and Measurement Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although there have been many investigations of the BC skull transmission [1], [2], [9], [10], several issues are still unresolved. Even if many studies of the skull with many measurement methods have been reported, the importance of the transmission routes for BC sound is still not known [1], [3], [5], [10]. Considered as the main medium of the sound wave vibration, the skull transmits the BC sound from the source to the cochlea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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