The Response of Rainbow Trout to Varying Protein/Energy Ratios in a Test Diet

Lee, D. J.; Putnam, G. B.

doi:10.1093/jn/103.6.916

Cited by 415 publications

(245 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These findings were supported by Mohanta et al (2008) who reported that growth rate may vary at higher protein levels in Puntius gonionotus. When a high protein diet is supplied, mostly it gives rise to energy for maintainance of the body (Winfree and Stickney, 1981), which ultimately reduces protein utilisation in fish (Lee and Putnam, 1973).…”

Section: R Ramesh Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

Dube

Reddy

et al. 2017

Indian J. Fish.

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Pengba, Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844) is considered as one of the candidate species for diversification of aquaculture. However, only scanty information is available on its nutrient requirements. Hence, the present study was conducted on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba fry in response to different dietary protein levels. Six semi-purified isocaloric diets were formulated with different levels of protein at 5% increments (25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) and fed to different groups of pengba fry for a period of 60 days. Survival of fish was significantly influenced by different protein levels (p<0.05). The highest weight gain% and specific growth rate (4.17% day -1 ) was obtained at 45% protein level which thereafter declined. The best feed conversion ratio (1.46) was observed at 45% protein level and the highest protein efficiency ratio (2.14) was obtained at 25% protein level with significant difference (p<0.05). The crude protein content of fish was significantly affected by dietary protein levels (p<0.05) and highest was recorded at 45% protein diet. Moisture, ether extract and ash content did not show significant (p>0.05) variation among dietary treatments. The activity of proteolytic enzymes (proteases, typsin and chymotrypsin) and acid phosphatase were signicantly (p<0.05) enhanced by dietary protein levels up to 45%, which were found to decline thereafter. Amylase activity was significantly decreased as protein levels increased in the diet. Lipase and alkaline phosphatase activities were not influenced by dietary protein levels. In the present study, penbga fry fed with 45% protein diet, showed the best growth performance and highest digestive enzyme activities. The activity of digestive enzymes in the gut clearly demonstrated that the proteolytic enzymes are activated in response to dietary protein utilisation and also revealed that pengba fry may require high protein (45%) diet for better growth and survival. Second order polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximum protein requirement of pengba fry was 45.1% (r 2 = 0.90). The findings of the study is expected to have significant implications for feed development for pengba aquaculture.

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Section: R Ramesh Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

Dube

Reddy

et al. 2017

Indian J. Fish.

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“…The protein-sparing effect of lipid in fish is well established (Lee and Putnam, 1973;Reinitz ef al, 1978;Takeuchi ef al, 1978;De Silva et al, 1991 However, commercial (Singh and Nose, 1967; Bergot and Br6que, 1983). However, technological treatments of cereals or starch, such as gelatinization or extrusion, have been found to improve the digestibility of starch by cultured fish (Bergot and Brbque, 1983;Takeuchi et al, 1990;Jeong et al, 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary levels of lipid and carbohydrate on growth performance, body composition, nitrogen excretion and plasma glucose levels in rainbow trout reared at 8 or 18°C

Brauge¹,

Corraze²,

Médale³

1995

Reprod. Nutr. Dev.

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“…The vacuoles may have been due to glycogen or fat deposition for which separate staining was not made in the present study. Several authors have reported hepatocyte hypertrophy as a consequence of high dietary carbohydrate (Lee and Putnam 1973, Kim and Kaushik 1992, Mohapatra et al 2003. In contrast, Kumar et al (2005) did not notice any specific hepatic changes in Labeo rohita juveniles upon feeding 42.43% gelatinized or non-gelatinized corn.…”

Section: Table 2 Haematological Effects Of Different Experimental Diementioning

confidence: 72%

Haematological and hepatic changes in Catla catla fingerlings in relation to dietary sources and levels of gelatinized carbohydrate

Yengkokpam¹,

Sahu²,

Pal³

et al. 2005

Acta Ichthyol. Piscat.

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Background. Dietary carbohydrate use is a priority in aquaculture because of its low cost and high availability, especially for herbivorous and omnivorous fish. Gelatinization is a process that improves carbohydrate use. However, excess dietary carbohydrate may cause metabolic stress and cellular changes as fish inherently use low carbohydrate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of three sources of gelatinized carbohydrate (GC) on haematology and hepatic structure of Catla catla fingerlings. Materials and methods. Six isocaloric (17.1-17.5 kJ · g -1 ) semi-purified diets were prepared from rice, corn, or tapioca, each at 40 or 50% GC. Crude protein (CP) level was fixed at 35 and 25% for the low GC (40%) and high GC (50%) levels, respectively. Ninety Catla catla fingerlings were distributed in 6 treatments, each with three replicates, for a 60-day feeding trial. At termination, blood haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, and liver histology were studied.Results. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in haemoglobin, RBC, and WBC were observed among the different carbohydrate-fed groups at 40% GC level. With increased dietary GC level, hepatocyte hypertrophy and vacuolation was intensified. Maximum hypertrophy was noticed in the fish fed tapioca at 50% GC, with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. No mortality was found in any group at any GC level. Conclusion.No mortality of Catla catla fingerlings was observed due to feeding of high GC levels from corn, rice, or tapioca. However, hepatocyte hypertrophy was observed. Long-term feeding beyond 60 days may cause adverse hepatic cellular changes, but needs further research.

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The Response of Rainbow Trout to Varying Protein/Energy Ratios in a Test Diet

Cited by 415 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

Effect of varying protein levels on growth and digestive enzyme activities of pengba Osteobrama belangeri (Valenciennes, 1844)

Effect of dietary levels of lipid and carbohydrate on growth performance, body composition, nitrogen excretion and plasma glucose levels in rainbow trout reared at 8 or 18°C

Haematological and hepatic changes in Catla catla fingerlings in relation to dietary sources and levels of gelatinized carbohydrate

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