The response of pre-osteoblasts and osteoclasts to gallium containing mesoporous bioactive glasses

Abstract

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent bone disease affecting millions of patients every year. However, there is a lack of bone grafts specifically designed for the treatment of bone defects occurred because of osteoporotic fractures. The consequence is that osteoporotic bone defects are commonly treated with the same biomaterials intended for high quality bone tissue. In this work we have prepared mesoporous bioactive glasses doped with gallium, demonstrating osteoinductive capability by promoting the differentiation of pre-osteoblast toward osteoblasts and partial inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. Through a deep study of the local environment of gallium within the mesoporous matrix, this work shows that gallium release is not required to produce this effect on osteoblasts and osteoclasts. In this sense, the presence of this element at the surface of the mesoporous bioactive glasses would be enough to locally promote bone formation while reducing bone resorption.

Modification of honeycomb bioceramic scaffolds for bone regeneration under the condition of excessive bone resorption

“…The results coincided with the research by Geljic et al, who reported that Ga containing calcium phosphate cement inhibited expressions of ALP, Runx2, and OPN of human primary osteoblasts, but enhanced OCN gene expression . However, some researchers reported discrepant results . Gómez‐Cerezo found that the Ga‐containing bioglass enhanced ALP activity of osteoblasts .…”

“…However, some researchers reported discrepant results . Gómez‐Cerezo found that the Ga‐containing bioglass enhanced ALP activity of osteoblasts . Jenis et al demonstrated that 50 μ M Ga 3+ increased Col I gene expression, but decreased OCN gene expression .…”

“…28,29,56 Gómez-Cerezo found that the Ga-containing bioglass enhanced ALP activity of osteoblasts. 28 Jenis et al demonstrated that 50 μM Ga 3+ increased Col I gene expression, but decreased OCN gene expression. 56 The Ca and P ions are known to affect the osteogenic differentiation, depending on the ion concentrations.…”

“…The bone grafts capable of inhibiting osteoclastogenesis are beneficial for repairing the osteoporotic bone defects featuring excessive bone resorption . However, very few researchers focused on the Ga‐containing biomaterials, which were used for repairing bone defect under the condition of excessive bone resorption . Gómez‐Cerezo et al reported that the mesoporous bioactive glass powders containing Ga promoted early differentiation of osteoblast while disturbing osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells .…”

“…28,29 Gómez-Cerezo et al reported that the mesoporous bioactive glass powders containing Ga promoted early differentiation of osteoblast while disturbing osteoclastogenesis of RAW264.7 cells. 28 Geljic et al found that Ga-loaded calcium phosphate cement decreased the osteoclast number and down-regulated the late osteoclastic marker expression. 29 β-Tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics have been extensively used for repairing bone defects, because of their biodegradability and excellent osteoconductivity.…”