The Response of Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase, Parathyroids and Blood and Bone Minerals to Calcium Intake in the Fowl

Hurwitz, S.; Griminger, Paul

doi:10.1093/jn/73.2.177

Cited by 64 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…This observation is similar to the findings of Liptrap et al (1970). Because an increase in serum alkaline phosphatase activity is an indication of improper bone formation and because increased alkaline phosphatase activity would be expected only when dietary Ca levels were low (Hurwitz and Griminger, 1961;Miller et al, 1962), our results suggest that improper calcification was taking place. The rise in serum alkaline phosphatase was not compatible with the theory that lactose enhances Ca absorption in the gut.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Dietary Lactose on Gain, Feed Conversion, Blood, Bone and Intestinal Parameters in Postweaning Rats and Swine

Moser

Peo

Crenshaw

et al. 1980

Journal of Animal Science

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SummaryTwo trials were conducted to determine the effect of lactose on performance, bone integrity and certain blood constituents in postweaning rats and swine. The effect of lactose on calcium and phosphorus and percentage ash content of the small intestine was also determined. In both trials, average daily gains were not influenced by the feeding of diets containing 30% lactose. Feed conversion was depressed in both rats and pigs when 30% lactose was fed. Transitory diarrhea was observed in rats fed 30% lactose, but not in swine. In the rat trial, no significant differences due to treatment were observed for serum Ca or P, but a linear increase (P<.01) in alkaline phosphatase was observed as lactose increased in the diet. Analysis of blood constituents from multiple bleedings during the pig trial showed that in the first 2 weeks, alkaline phosphatase was increased (P<.O1) in pigs fed lactose and slightly decreased in those not fed lactose. Lactose affected the change in serum Ca from 0 to 10 weeks (P<.05) as indicated by a marked reduction in serum Ca of pigs not fed lactose and a slight increase for those fed lactose. Serum calcium decreased in the absence of lactose but increased in the presence of lactose (P<.05) in pigs fed .4% Ca diets. In both trials, breaking strength parameters (peak force and stress) were not affected by dietary lactose. Bones from pigs fed no lactose had a higher stress to strain ratio (P<.05) than those from pigs fed lactose.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Effect of Dietary Lactose on Gain, Feed Conversion, Blood, Bone and Intestinal Parameters in Postweaning Rats and Swine

Moser

Peo

Crenshaw

et al. 1980

Journal of Animal Science

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“…Changes in the growth plates were variable but resembled those seen in experimentally induced hyperparathyroidism in chickens fed low-calcium diets (Long et al, 1984b). The low bone ash, increased osteoclasia, and relatively low plasma calcium, seen in three of the four egret chicks from Bryan, were also consistent with hyperparathyroidism (Hurzitz and Griminger, 1961).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Naturally Occurring Secondary Nutritional Hyperparathyroidism in Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis) From Central Texas

Phalen

Drew

Contreras

et al. 2005

Journal of Wildlife Diseases

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Naturally occurring secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism is described in the nestlings of two colonies of cattle egrets (Bubulcus ibis) from Central Texas (Bryan and San Antonio, Texas, USA). Nestlings from a third colony (Waco, Texas, USA) were collected in a subsequent year for comparison. Birds from the first two colonies consistently had severe osteopenia and associated curving deformities and folding fractures of their long bones. These birds also had reduced bone ash, increased osteoclasia, a marked decrease in osteoblast activity, variable lengthening and shortening of the hypertrophic zone of the epiphyseal cartilage, decreased and disorganized formation of new bone, and a marked hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands as compared to birds collected from the third colony. Fibrous osteodystrophy was found in all of the birds from San Antonio and Bryan. Evidence of moderate to severe calcium deficiency was also identified in 33% of the cattle egrets collected from Waco. Gut contents of affected chicks contained predominately grasshoppers and crickets; vertebrate prey items were absent from the Bryan birds. Grasshoppers and crickets collected from fields frequented by the adult egrets in 1994 had 0.12-0.28% calcium and 0.76-0.81% phosphorus. Pooled grasshoppers and crickets collected during a subsequent wet early spring averaged 0.24% calcium and 0.65% phosphorus. Although the phosphorus content of the insect prey was adequate for growth, calcium was approximately one-third the minimum calcium requirement needed for growth for other species of birds. It was postulated that cattle egrets breeding in Central Texas have expanded their range into habitat that contains less vertebrate prey, and as a result, many nestling egrets are being fed diets that contain suboptimal calcium. Therefore, in years where vertebrate prey is scarce and forage for insect prey is reduced in calcium, nestling egrets are at risk for developing secondary nutritional hyperparathyroidism.

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“…ALP activity was also significantly higher than other groups with Ca-deficient diets in Japanese seabass (Song et al, 2016), which was in accordance with our trail result. Hurwitz and Griminger (1961) reported that lower Ca-containing diets also increased plasma ALP activity, which was a marker of insufficient bone mineralization in a fowl nutritional study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Liang¹,

Mi²,

Ke³

et al. 2018

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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An eight weeks feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary calcium (Ca) levels on growth performance, blood biochemistry and whole body composition in bighead carp (105.52 ±0.33g; 16.91±0.09cm). Six practical diets (31.0% crude protein, 6.0% crude lipid) were formulated to contain graded Ca levels ranging from 0.41% to 1.59% of dry diet. At the end of the feeding trial, results showed that survival rate (SR) was not significantly affected by dietary Ca level. Final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR) increased with the increasing dietary Ca level up to 1.26%, and thereafter showed a decreasing trend, while feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a converse trend. Furthermore, high Ca level (1.59%) significantly increased the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and significantly decreased serum phosphorus (P) content (P<0.05). Alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity was significantly higher than other groups with Ca-deficient diets (0.41%) (P<0.05). High Ca level (1.59%) significantly decreased serum P levels. Serum Ca levels were not significantly affected by dietary Ca levels (P>0.05). Based on FCR and SGR, the optimal dietary Ca level was determined to be 1.26%, and the corresponding Ca/ P ratio was calculated to be 1.13:1.

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The Response of Plasma Alkaline Phosphatase, Parathyroids and Blood and Bone Minerals to Calcium Intake in the Fowl

Cited by 64 publications

References 13 publications

Effect of Dietary Lactose on Gain, Feed Conversion, Blood, Bone and Intestinal Parameters in Postweaning Rats and Swine

Effect of Dietary Lactose on Gain, Feed Conversion, Blood, Bone and Intestinal Parameters in Postweaning Rats and Swine

Naturally Occurring Secondary Nutritional Hyperparathyroidism in Cattle Egrets (Bubulcus Ibis) From Central Texas

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