The response of human thermal perception and skin temperature to step-change transient thermal environments

Liu, Hong; Liao, Jing; Yang, Dong; Du, Xiaoze; Hu, Pengchao; Yang, Yu; Li, Baizhan

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2013.12.007

Cited by 150 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…All subjects followed the schedule depicted in Figure 4. The observed temperature step-changes, which can be found in many tests for thermal sensation and/or comfort evaluation in the literature [10,13,19,23,24], allowed us to monitor the initial adaptation to the new thermal environment in order to have transient periods together with periods of constant temperature. As tests were performed in the warmer part of the year, the subjects were asked to spend some time in the "cold chamber" prior to the test starting until they felt thermally comfortable.…”

Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TSV were aimed at distinguishing hot and cold thermal sensations while TCV were used to record only the level of discomfort. TSV followed the same ASHRAE 7-point scale [10,13,19,23,30], according to which −3, 0 and +3 indicate a very cold, neutral and very hot thermal sensation, respectively, while TCV ranged from −3 to 0 as in works of Zhou et al [31]. TCV index represents how much a person feels uncomfortable: 0 means he feels comfortable, −1 slightly uncomfortable, −2 uncomfortable and −3 very uncomfortable.…”

Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, much research in the literature identified the skin temperature as an important factor in the assessment of the occupants' comfort [6,9]. For example, Liu et al [10] observed that the time gradient of skin temperature can predict the thermal sensation in cold environments and the heat loss from skin is well correlated with it. Indeed, the temperature change rate of the skin is an input to thermal receptors [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commonly, when the skin temperature is used as a parameter for the human thermal sensation and comfort estimation, thermocouples [9,10,24], infrared cameras or thermometers are used [12,16,19]. However, thermocouples are an invasive approach for an everyday application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Real-Time Monitoring of Occupants’ Thermal Comfort through Infrared Imaging: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2017

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Thermally comfortable indoor environments are of great importance, as modern lifestyles often require people to spend more than 20 h per day indoors. Since most of the thermal comfort models use a variety of different environmental and personal factors that need to be measured or estimated, real-time and continuous assessment of thermal comfort is often not practically feasible. This work presents a cheap and non-invasive approach based on infrared imaging for monitoring the occupants' thermal sensation and comfort in real time. Thanks to a mechatronic device developed by the authors, the imaging is performed on the forehead skin, selected because it is always exposed to the environment and, thus, facilitating the monitoring activity in a non-invasive manner. Tests have been performed in controlled conditions on ten subjects to assess the hypothesis that the forehead temperature is correlated with subjects' thermal sensation. This allows the exploitation of this quantity as a base for a simple monitoring of thermal comfort, which could later be tuned with an extensive experimental campaign.

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Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Testsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Real-Time Monitoring of Occupants’ Thermal Comfort through Infrared Imaging: A Preliminary Study

et al. 2017

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“…Although environmental measurement based techniques have shown promising results to capture thermal comfort over short periods of time, the accuracy of these methods may decay due to environment logistics (e.g., the sensing devices or occupants' location change). To address the challenge of occupant-environment dynamic logistics, techniques based on physiological measurements (e.g., the techniques that use heart rate, skin temperature, and core body temperature [8,[15][16][17]) uses the correlated measurements directly from the individual for predicting thermal comfort. If there is no evidence of thermal discomfort, these approaches reject the hypothesis that the individual is uncomfortable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared thermography of human face for monitoring thermoregulation performance and estimating personal thermal comfort

Ghahramani

Castro

Becerik-Gerber

et al. 2016

Building and Environment

197

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The common practice of defining operational settings for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems in buildings is to use fixed set points, which assume occupants have same and static comfort requirements. However, thermal comfort varies from person to person and also changes due to climatic variations or acclimation, making it dynamic. In addition, thermal comfort in transient conditions are different from the steady state conditions, which makes the prediction of thermal comfort more difficult. Thus, thermal comfort has to be monitored over time. In this paper, we present a novel infrared thermography based technique to monitor an individual's thermoregulation performance and thermal comfort levels by measuring the skin temperature on several points on human face, which has a high density of blood vessels and is not usually covered by clothing. Unlike other methods, our method requires no continuous user input or interaction. Our results demonstrate that the monitored facial points behave differently under the heat and cold stresses and it can be explained based on the underlying vascular territories. We define two heuristics to describe the thermoneutral zone based on the observed behaviors and estimate thermal comfort for individuals with 95% confidence level. Considerable variations are observed in the thermoregulation performance and uncomfortably cool conditions metrics between the males and females. Females' thermoregulation system responses are less sensitive to the perception of warm conditions. However, similar behaviors are observed for uncomfortably cool conditions across genders.

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Investigation of Dynamic Thermal Comfort and Air Velocity Preference in Different Transient Environments in Summer

Yao

et al. 2020

Environmental Science and Engineering

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The response of human thermal perception and skin temperature to step-change transient thermal environments

Cited by 150 publications

References 11 publications

Real-Time Monitoring of Occupants’ Thermal Comfort through Infrared Imaging: A Preliminary Study

Real-Time Monitoring of Occupants’ Thermal Comfort through Infrared Imaging: A Preliminary Study

Infrared thermography of human face for monitoring thermoregulation performance and estimating personal thermal comfort

Investigation of Dynamic Thermal Comfort and Air Velocity Preference in Different Transient Environments in Summer

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