The response of forest plant regeneration to temperature variation along a latitudinal gradient

Frenne, Pieter De; Graae, Bente Jessen; Brunet, J.; Shevtsova, Anna; Schrijver, An De; Chabrerie, Olivier; Cousins, Sara A. O.; Decocq, Guillaume; Diekmann, Martin; Hermy, Martin; Heinken, Thilo; Kolb, Annette; Nilsson, Christer; Stanton, Sharon; Verheyen, Kris

doi:10.1093/aob/mcs015

Cited by 41 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…2); results that are in agreement with some previous studies (De Frenne et al, 2012;Richter et al, 2012). However, in the southwest of Western Australia, Cochrane et al (2015) found that emergence of seedlings was delayed with warmer conditions, compared to control.…”

Section: Factorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Climate and soil factors influencing seedling recruitment of plant species used for dryland restoration

Muñoz‐Rojas

Erickson

Martini

et al. 2016

SOIL

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Abstract. Land degradation affects 10-20 % of drylands globally. Intensive land use and management, largescale disturbances such as extractive operations, and global climate change, have contributed to degradation of these systems worldwide. Restoring these damaged environments is critical to improving ecosystem services and functions, conserve biodiversity, and contribute to climate resilience, food security, and landscape sustainability. Here, we present a case study on plant species of the mining intensive semi-arid Pilbara region in Western Australia that examines the effects of climate and soil factors on the restoration of drylands. We analysed the effects of a range of rainfall and temperature scenarios and the use of alternative soil materials on seedling recruitment of key native plant species from this area. Experimental studies were conducted in controlled environment facilities where conditions simulated those found in the Pilbara. Soil from topsoil (T) stockpiles and waste materials (W) from an active mine site were mixed at different proportions (100 % T, 100 % W, and two mixes of topsoil and waste at 50 : 50 and 25 : 75 ratios) and used as growth media. Our results showed that seedling recruitment was highly dependent on soil moisture and emergence was generally higher in the topsoil, which had the highest available water content. In general, responses to the climate scenarios differed significantly among the native species which suggest that future climate scenarios of increasing drought might affect not only seedling recruitment but also diversity and structure of native plant communities. The use of waste materials from mining operations as growth media could be an alternative to the limited topsoil. However, in the early stages of plant establishment successful seedling recruitment can be challenging in the absence of water. These limitations could be overcome by using soil amendments but the cost associated to these solutions at large landscape scales needs to be assessed and proven to be economically feasible.

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Section: Factorsupporting

confidence: 91%

Climate and soil factors influencing seedling recruitment of plant species used for dryland restoration

Muñoz‐Rojas

Erickson

Martini

et al. 2016

SOIL

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“…We have found few reports of reductions and delays in seedling emergence with increasing soil temperatures (though see Chidumayo ). In contrast, soil warming has been reported to lead to earlier seedling emergence in Pinus sylvestris (Richter et al ) and increased emergence in European understorey shrubs (De Frenne et al ). In temperate grasslands, a reduction in seedling emergence with warming was almost solely explained by a decrease in soil moisture potential (Hovenden et al , Gao et al ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Climate warming delays and decreases seedling emergence in a Mediterranean ecosystem

Cochrane

Hoyle

Yates

et al. 2014

Oikos

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Temperature and moisture impact strongly on the early stages of a plant ' s life cycle. Global climate change is altering the environmental cues that seeds receive resulting in compromised seedling emergence and changes to seedling performance. Here, we investigate how temperature and moisture aff ect these early stages of plant development in four Banksia species collected from a longitudinal climate gradient in South West Western Australia. A common garden was used to examine the between-species and among-population variation in seedling emergence, growth and leaf traits under two soil temperature regimes and three levels of precipitation. We predicted that reduced moisture and increased temperature would delay and reduce total seedling emergence and negatively aff ect seedling performance. Furthermore, we expected that within species there would be geographically structured variation in response to the treatments. Species diff ered signifi cantly in all measured traits. Soil warming resulted in strong impacts on regenerative traits, signifi cantly slowing seedling emergence in two species and reducing total seedling emergence in three species. In addition, warming altered seedling performance with signifi cant reductions to the above-ground leaf biomass ratio of three species. In contrast, response to soil moisture manipulation was minimal across all species but possibly due to issues regarding implementation of an eff ective moisture treatment. Th e species that showed the greatest decline in emergence under warmed conditions ( B. quercifolia ) also showed the smallest vegetative shift; the species with the smallest decline in emergence ( B. coccinea ) showed a relatively large vegetative shift. Among-population diff erences were signifi cant for many traits, however, trait diff erentiation was inconsistent across species and, contrary to our hypothesis, the variation we observed was not clearly associated with the climate gradient. As these among-population diff erences in traits are not easy to predict, we caution the use of simple rules for choosing seed populations for conservation and restoration.

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“…These types of garden effects are a frequent occurrence in studies involving multiple common gardens (e.g., De Frenne et al. , Woods et al. , Zhou et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory

Bhattarai

Meyerson

Anderson

et al. 2016

Ecological Monographs

145

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The juxtaposition of plant‐species invasions with latitudinal gradients in herbivore pressure is an important yet mostly unexplored issue in invasion biology. Latitudinal clines in defense and palatability to herbivores are expected to exist in native plant species but the evolution of these clines may lag behind for invasive plant species resulting in non‐parallel latitudinal clines that may impact invasion success. Our study focused on a native and European invasive lineages of the common reed Phragmites australis in North America. Using native and invasive genotypes of P. australis collected across a 17° latitudinal range, we performed experiments in replicate northern and southern common gardens to investigate whether these two lineages exhibited different genetically based latitudinal clines in defenses, nutritional condition, and palatability to their herbivores, the aphid Hyalopterus pruni and the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. We also tested whether invasive genotypes are more phenotypically plastic than native genotypes and whether plasticity varies with latitude. Although invasive genotypes did not exhibit higher defense levels (leaf toughness, phenolics, percent carbon), they were considerably less palatable to their herbivores than native genotypes. Genetically based latitudinal clines were evident for both native and invasive P. australis and for all defenses, nutrients, and at least one palatability trait for each herbivore. In 36% of the cases where clines were evident, they were non‐parallel between the two lineages. These data suggest that clines in the invasive genotypes of P. australis evolved within the past ~100 years. Moreover, our study showed that the occurrence and direction of latitudinal clines in plant traits were commonly dependent on where the study was conducted (north or south), indicating strong phenotypic plasticity in these genetic‐based clines. Finally, traits for invasive genotypes of P. australis were 2.5 times more plastic than traits for native genotypes. Interestingly, plasticity for native but not invasive genotypes was strongly dependent on latitude of origin. Such spatial heterogeneity within and between the native and invasive lineages of P. australis with respect to their interactions with herbivores can generate substantial spatial variability in biotic resistance that can have important implications for the establishment and spread of invasive genotypes and species.

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The response of forest plant regeneration to temperature variation along a latitudinal gradient

Cited by 41 publications

References 45 publications

Climate and soil factors influencing seedling recruitment of plant species used for dryland restoration

Climate and soil factors influencing seedling recruitment of plant species used for dryland restoration

Climate warming delays and decreases seedling emergence in a Mediterranean ecosystem

Biogeography of a plant invasion: genetic variation and plasticity in latitudinal clines for traits related to herbivory

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