The response of a large CsI(Tl) detector to light particles and heavy ions in the intermediate energy range

Fomichev, A. S.; David, I.; Penionzhkevich, Yu. É.; Скобелев, Н. К.; Tarasov, O.; Matthies, A.; Ortlepp, H.-G.; Wagner, W.; Lewitowicz, M.; Saint‐Laurent, M. G.; Corre, J.M.; Dlouhý, Z.; Pecina, I.; Borcea, C.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(94)90086-8

Cited by 18 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Birks (1951) developed a model for the quenching effect of organic scintillators (Smith et al 1968, Craun andSmith 1970) based on the concept of damaged molecules acting as quenching agents. The model has been applied to inorganic scintillators (Birks 1964, Horn et al 1992, Boon 1998 as well, but due to the fact that the light emission processes for the two types of scintillators are basically different, other models have been suggested for inorganic types (Murray and Meyer 1961, Kobetich and Katz 1968, Salamon and Ahlen 1981, Michaelian and Menchaca-Rocha 1994, Meyer and Murray 1962, Fomichev et al 1994. For proton therapy, the loss of emission efficiency can be particularly pronounced in the Bragg peak region due to the high ionization density of low-energy protons, but the effect is highly scintillator dependent (Boon 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an inorganic scintillating mixture for proton beam verification dosimetry

Safai¹,

Lin²,

Pedroni³

2004

Phys. Med. Biol.

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The availability at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) of a spot-scanning technique with an isocentric beam delivery system (gantry) allows the realization of intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT). The development of 3D dosimetry is an important tool for the verification of IMPT therapy plans based on inhomogeneous 3D conformal dose distributions. For that purpose new dosimeters are being developed. The concept is to use a system of many millimetre sized scintillating volumes distributed in a polyethylene block, which are read on a CCD camera over a bundle of optical fibres and which can be irradiated from any direction orthogonal to the fibre axis. The purpose of this work is to investigate the composition of such small sensitive volumes. A mixture of inorganic phosphors and optical cement allows an optimal coupling between the scintillating volume and the optical fibre. Five different inorganic phosphors, available as powder, have been examined by considering their response along the Bragg curve. In particular, two phosphors have shown interesting behaviours: Gd2O2S:Tb and (Zn, Cd)S:Ag. Both phosphors have a high emission efficiency but contrasting behaviour in the Bragg peak region. The efficiency of Gd2O2S:Tb decreases with increasing stopping power (quenching of luminescence) while that of (Zn, Cd)S:Ag increases. Because of these contrasting behaviours it is possible to prepare a mixture of the two scintillating powders in a certain ratio in order to modulate the height of the measured Bragg peak relative to the entrance value so that it is in agreement with the ionization chamber measurements. We propose to use a mixture for the sensitive volume consisting of the following weight fractions: 48% Gd2O2S:Tb, 12% (Zn, Cd)S:Ag and 40% optical cement.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of an inorganic scintillating mixture for proton beam verification dosimetry

Safai¹,

Lin²,

Pedroni³

2004

Phys. Med. Biol.

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The Development and Applications of Scintillator-Photodiode Detectors

Clarke

2000

The Nucleus

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Fission of209Bi induced by6He ions

Фомичев

David

Dlouhý

et al. 1995

Z. Physik A - Hadrons and Nuclei

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Secondary beams of 4He and 6He were produced through the transfer reactions with the 18.5 MeV/u lib and 35.5 MeV/u 7Li primary beams. The fusion-fission cross sections have been measured for the 4.6He + 209Bi reactions at energies Ecm> l.5*Bfus . In the present experiment it was found that the fission excitation function for the neutron rich nuclei 6He is significantly higher than for the 4He nuclei.

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The response of a large CsI(Tl) detector to light particles and heavy ions in the intermediate energy range

Cited by 18 publications

References 12 publications

Development of an inorganic scintillating mixture for proton beam verification dosimetry

Development of an inorganic scintillating mixture for proton beam verification dosimetry

The Development and Applications of Scintillator-Photodiode Detectors

Fission of209Bi induced by6He ions

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