The response of a BGO scintillation detector to 100–500 MeV kinetic energy pions, protons and deuterons

Quasi-elastic and inelastic inclusive electron scattering from an oxygen jet target

“…The detector temperature was monitored by several thermocouples and kept constant by a temperature control system, whereas LEDs were used to monitor possible PMT gain variations. Proton events as measured in the pre-shower (dE/dx) and in the calorimeter (E) produced a narrow line [15], providing a precise complementary method to monitor such fluctuations, always limited within 3% and corrected in the off-line analysis.…”

“…1. the reproducibility of energy calibration of each spectrum was checked within 1% by determining the centroid of the proton line in the plot of energies released in the preshower and in the calorimeter [15];…”

The BGOOD experimental setup at ELSA

“…One is sent to an analogue adder that sums the 32 signals of a crown; the other signal, delayed and attenuated, is the input for the W-IE-NE-R AVM16 sampling ADCs. The employed programmable attenuators ensure the 100 MeV signals during data taking are in the same electronic range as the 1.27 MeV signals from 22 Na radioactive sources permanently placed inside the BGO Rugby Ball and used for calibration. An additional sum mixer adds up the crown sums to provide a total calorimeter sum signal for trigger purposes.…”

“…The BGO Rugby Ball response for protons [20], neutrons [21], pions and deuterons [22] has also been measured. Although not explicitly measured, it is anticipated that the energy resolutions achieved at the BGOOD setup are equal or better with the new electronics.…”

“…[23]. 22 Na energy spectrum in one BGO crystal. The fitted function in red is the sum of two Gaussian functions and the error function of the Gaussian function at higher channels (shown in blue, magenta and green respectively).…”